= Standard Library Class Extension methods =

The Cobra standard library adds the following extension methods to existing classes. This enables convenient expressions such as:
{{{
#!python
for item in someList.sorted.reversed
    print item

for i, item in someList.sorted.numbered
    print i, item   # i will be 0, 1, 2, ...
}}}

Here they are:

{{{
#!python
namespace Cobra.Lang

    extend System.Object

        def typeOf as System.Type
            """ Using.typeOf is portable between platforms in contrast to CLR .getType and JVM .getClass. """
            return .getType

        def toTechString as String

        def toPrintString as String


    extend String
    
        def capitalized as String
            """
            Returns the string with the first character capitalized.
            Returns a blank string for a blank string.
            """
            ensure
                result.length == .length
                result.length implies result[0] == result[0].toUpper
            test
                assert 'chuck'.capitalized == 'Chuck'
                assert 'Chuck'.capitalized == 'Chuck'
                assert ''.capitalized == ''
                assert ' foo'.capitalized == ' foo'
                assert 'f'.capitalized == 'F'
                assert '1aoeu'.capitalized == '1aoeu'

        def count(c as char) as int
            test
                assert ''.count(c'x')==0
                assert 'x'.count(c'x')==1
                assert 'X'.count(c'x')==0  # case sensitive
                assert ' ! ! '.count(c'!')==2

        def isCapitalized as bool
            test
                assert 'Aoeu'.isCapitalized
                assert 'Zaoeu'.isCapitalized
                assert not 'aoeu'.isCapitalized
                assert not ''.isCapitalized
                assert not '1234'.isCapitalized

        def md5HashInHex as String
            ensure
                result.length == 32
            test
                assert 'Black holes and revelations.'.md5HashInHex == '95b141d670c19f2f20a820751897b9c6'

        def split(chars as List<of char>) as List<of String>
            test
                s = 'a,b:c:d,e,f'
                assert s.split([c',', c':']) == ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']
    
        def split(chars as IList<of char>) as List<of String>

        def splitLines as List<of String>
            return .splitLines(false)
        
        def splitLines(keepEnds as bool) as List<of String>
            """
            Returns the string split into lines, recognizing the various line endings (posix, dos/http, old mac) even if mixed within the same string.
            """
            test
                cases = [
                    ['', false, []],
                    ['   ', false, ['   ']],
                    ['x', false, ['x']],
                    ['x y', false, ['x y']],

                    ['a\n', false, ['a']],
                    ['a\n', true, ['a\n']],
                    ['a\nb', false, ['a', 'b']],
                    ['a\nb', true, ['a\n', 'b']],
                    ['a\nb\n', false, ['a', 'b']],
                    ['a\nb\n', true, ['a\n', 'b\n']],

                    ['a\r', false, ['a']],
                    ['a\r', true, ['a\r']],
                    ['a\rb', false, ['a', 'b']],
                    ['a\rb', true, ['a\r', 'b']],
                    ['a\rb\r', false, ['a', 'b']],
                    ['a\rb\r', true, ['a\r', 'b\r']],

                    ['a\r\n', false, ['a']],
                    ['a\r\n', true, ['a\r\n']],
                    ['a\r\nb', false, ['a', 'b']],
                    ['a\r\nb', true, ['a\r\n', 'b']],
                    ['a\r\nb\r\n', false, ['a', 'b']],
                    ['a\r\nb\r\n', true, ['a\r\n', 'b\r\n']],
                
                    ['a\r\n\r\n', false, ['a', '']],
                    ['a\r\n\r\n', true, ['a\r\n', '\r\n']],
                    ['a\r\n\r\n\r\n', false, ['a', '', '']],
                    ['a\r\n\r\n\r\n', true, ['a\r\n', '\r\n', '\r\n']],
                
                    ['a\rb\nc\r\nd', false, ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']],
                    ['a\rb\nc\r\nd', true, ['a\r', 'b\n', 'c\r\n', 'd']],
                ]
                for a, b, c in cases
                    input = a to String
                    keepEnds = b to bool
                    expected = c
                    # trace input, keepEnds, expected
                    actual = input.splitLines(keepEnds)
                    assert actual == expected

    extend System.Collections.IList
    
        def swap(i as int, j as int)
            require
                i >= -.count and i < .count
                j >= -.count and j < .count
            ensure
                old this[i] == this[j]
                old this[j] == this[i]
                .count == old.count


    extend IEnumerable<of T>

        def toList as List<of T>
            return List<of T>(this)


    extend IList<of T>
    
        def concated(other as IList<of T>?) as IList<of T>
            """
            Returns a new list with the contents of this list and the other.
            Does not modify this list or the other.
            The returned list is the same class as the receiver.
            Assumes the receiving type has an initializer that takes a `capacity as int`.
            """

        def get(flexibleIndex as int) as T
            require
                .count > 0
                (flexibleIndex >= 0 and flexibleIndex < .count) _
                    or (flexibleIndex < 0 and flexibleIndex >= -.count)
        
        def get(flexibleIndex as int, default as T) as T
            ensure
                .count == 0 implies result == default
                (flexibleIndex > .count or flexibleIndex < -.count) _
                    implies result == default
    
        def last as T
            """
            Returns the last element in the list.
            """
            require .count > 0
    
        def numbered as KeyValuePair<of int, T>*
            """
            Returns a stream of pairs of (index, value).
            Can be used like so:
                for i, value in someList.numbered
                    ...
            """
    
        def numberedDown as KeyValuePair<of int, T>*
            """
            Returns a stream of pairs of (index, value) in reverse order from
            the end of the list down.
            
            Can be used like so:
                for i, value in someList.numberedDown
                    ...
            """

        def random as T
            require .count > 0
            return .random(CobraCore.random)

        def random(r as Random) as T
            require .count > 0
            return this[r.next % .count]

        def removeLast
            require .count > 0
            ensure .count == old .count - 1
            .removeAt(.count-1)
        
        def reversed as List<of T>
            ensure
                result is not this
                result.count == .count
    
        def sorted as List<of T>
            ensure
                result is not this
                result.count == .count
        
        def sorted(comparison as Comparison<of T>) as List<of T>
            ensure
                result is not this
                result.count == .count
            
        def sorted(comparer as Comparer<of T>) as List<of T>
            ensure
                result is not this
                result.count == .count
    
        def swap(i as int, j as int)
            """
            Swaps the elements at the given indexes which can be negative to index from the end of the
            list towards the front (-1 is last element, -2 is second to last, etc.).
            """
            require
                i >= -.count and i < .count
                j >= -.count and j < .count
            ensure
                old this[i] == this[j]
                old this[j] == this[i]
                .count == old.count
}}}

See also: PrimitiveTypeMembers, TypeExtensions, LibraryTopics