Ticket #275: java-jvm-2.patch

Source/TypeProxies.cobra

@@ -167 +167 @@
         return _actualType to !
 
     def _recommendBuiltInType
-        if _actualType.parentNameSpace and _actualType.parentNameSpace.fullName == 'System'
-            n = nil to String?
-            branch _actualType.name
-                on 'Boolean', n = 'bool'
-                on 'SByte',   n = 'int8'
-                on 'Byte',    n = 'uint8'
-                on 'Int16',   n = 'int16'
-                on 'UInt16',  n = 'uint16'
-                on 'Int32',   n = 'int32'
-                on 'UInt32',  n = 'uint32'
-                on 'Int64',   n = 'int64'
-                on 'UInt64',  n = 'uint64'
-                on 'Char',    n = 'char'
-                on 'Single',  n = 'float32'
-                on 'Double',  n = 'float'
-                on 'Decimal', n = 'decimal'
-            if n, .compiler.warning(this, 'Use the builtin type "[n]" instead of the struct "[_actualType.name]".')
-
+        n = .compiler.backEnd.getRecommendedBuiltInType(_actualType.parentNameSpace, _actualType.name)
+        if n, .compiler.warning(this, 'Use the builtin type "[n]" instead of the struct "[_actualType.name]".')
+                        
     def equals(other as Object?) as bool is override
         if other is nil
             return false

Source/BackEndObjC/ObjcBackEnd.cobra

@@ -6 +6 @@
         base.init(compiler)
         _name = 'objc'  
         _rtlName = 'Cobra.Lang.dll'
+        _rtlSrcFile = 'native.objc' # backEnd source file containing native code support for Cobra.Lang
+
         _tagToTypeName = {  # TODO
             'Object': '',
             'Type'  : '',
@@ -15 +17 @@
         phases.add(GenerateObjcCodePhase(.compiler))
         phases.add(CompileObjcCodePhase(.compiler))
 
+    def getRecommendedBuiltInType(parentNameSpace as NameSpace?, name as String) as String? is override
+        n = nil to String?
+        if parentNameSpace and parentNameSpace.fullName == '???'
+            branch name
+                on '???', n = 'bool'
+                on '?? SByte',   n = 'int8'
+                on '?? Byte',    n = 'uint8'
+                on '?? Int16',   n = 'int16'
+                on '?? UInt16',  n = 'uint16'
+                on '?? Int32',   n = 'int32'
+                on '?? UInt32',  n = 'uint32'
+                on '?? Int64',   n = 'int64'
+                on '?? UInt64',  n = 'uint64'
+                on '?? Char',    n = 'char'
+                on '?? Single',  n = 'float32'
+                on '?? Double',  n = 'float'
+                on '?? Decimal', n = 'decimal'
+        return n
+
     def computeOutName as String is override
         return .compiler.computeOutNameObjc
         
@@ -86 +107 @@
         assert false, 'ObjcBackEnd ObjcNativeType and objcTypeByName NYI'
         return ClrNativeType(.compiler.clrTypeByName(qualifiedName))
     
-    def addArrayInterfaces( interfaces as List<of ITypeProxy>) is override
-        assert false, 'ObjcBackEnd addArrayInterfaces NYI'
+    def prepSystemObjectClass(box as Box)  is override
+        pass    #box.prepSystemObjectClassObjc
         
-    
+    def scanGenericArgs(box as Box)  is override
+        pass    # box.scanGenericArgsObjc
         
+    def scanNativeType(box as Box)   is override
+        pass    # box.scanNativeTypeObjc
+
+    def scanNativeType(edcl as EnumDecl)     is override
+        pass    # edcl.scanNativeTypeObjc
+        
+    def setUnderlyingType(edcl as EnumDecl)  is override
+        pass # edecl.setUnderlyingTypeObjc
+
+    # implement these if need override
+    #def determineExtnNativeType(extn as Extension, nativeType as NativeType) as NativeType
+    #   return extn.objcExtnNativeType(nativeType)
+
+    #def handleNameSpaceNameCollision(ns as NameSpace, token as IToken, name as String) as NameSpace is override
+
+        
 class GenerateObjcCodePhase inherits Phase
 
     cue init(c as Compiler)

Source/Snapshot/Cobra.Lang/CobraCore.cobra

@@ -385 +385 @@
                 require false
                 pass
 
+            get runtimePlatform as String
+                return 'clr'
+                #return 'jvm'
+                # return 'objc'
+
             var _isRunningOnMono as bool?
             
             get isRunningOnMono as bool

Source/Snapshot/Cobra.Lang/Tracer.cobra

@@ -13 +13 @@
         var _isActive = true
         var _willAutoFlush = true
         var _dest as TextWriter
-        var _separator = '; '
+        var _separator = ';\n        -:'
         var _prefix = '    trace: '
         var _willOutputDirectoryNames = false
 

Source/Compiler.cobra

@@ -64 +64 @@
         base.init
         _name = ''
         _rtlName = 'rtl'
+        _rtlSrcFile = 'rtlSrc.ext'
         __compiler = compiler
 
     get name from var as String
     
     get cobraRuntimeLibFile from _rtlName as String 
+        """Name of the Cobra RunTime Library file for this backend."""
 
+    get rtlSrcFile from _rtlSrcFile as String
+        """Name of the backEnd source file containing any native code support for Cobra.Lang."""
+
     get compiler from __compiler as Compiler
     
     get tagToTypeName from var
@@ -88 +93 @@
         rearrangements if necessary) for this given backend.
         """
         
+    def getRecommendedBuiltInType(parentNameSpace as NameSpace?, name as String) as String? is abstract
+        """
+        If parentNameSpace is the main system namespace and name is a backEnd builtin type 
+        return the Cobra equivalent language type name (or nil). 
+        """
+        
     def computeOutName as String is abstract
         """
-        Return binary output name for compilation of files for this backend.
+        Return the binary file output name for compilation of files for this backend.
         """
         
     def genNativeModule(filename as String, verbosity as int) as Module? is abstract    
         """
-        Check if a filename is a Native module and if so return the Native module type for it
+        Check if a filename is a Native module and if so generate and return the Native module type for it
         otherwise return nil.
         """
     
@@ -117 +128 @@
     
     def loadLibReference(reference as String) as bool is abstract
         """
-        Load the given lib reference file  using the current backend paradigms. 
+        Load the given library reference file  using the current backend paradigms. 
         Return true if reference found and loaded correctly, false otherwise
         """
     
     def readSystemTypes is abstract
         """ Read and Load System Types for backend for Compiler to make available"""
-            
         
     def fixNilableMemberSigs is abstract
         """         
@@ -167 +177 @@
         otherwise the qualified names are expected to conform to the platform back end naming. 
         """
     
-    def addArrayInterfaces( interfaces as List<of ITypeProxy>) is abstract
-        """Add any additional interfaces the backends support that an ArrayType may need to have."""
-            
+    def prepSystemObjectClass(box as Box) is abstract
+        """Setup additional or convenience members on the System Object class. """
+        
+    def scanGenericArgs(box as Box) is abstract
+        """Scan a loaded Dll (generic) type and translate from native any generic Args."""
+        
+    def scanNativeType(box as Box) is abstract
+        """Scan a loaded Dll type and convert its native Type info to Cobras form """
+        
+    def scanNativeType(edcl as EnumDecl) is abstract
+        """Scan a loaded Dll Enum type and convert its native info to Cobras form """
+        
+    def setUnderlyingType(edcl as EnumDecl)  is abstract
+        """Set underlying Storage Type of the value of an Enum."""
+        
+    def determineExtnNativeType(extn as Extension, nativeType as NativeType) as NativeType
+        """
+        The real extended type is the type of the first argument of any method.
+        Find and make that type from the param list.
+        """
+        throw Exception('Need implementation of determineExtnNativeType for backend to determine type for an extension')
+
+    def handleNameSpaceNameCollision(ns as NameSpace, token as IToken, name as String) as NameSpace
+        """ 
+            What to do if a namespace name collides with an existing symbol.
+            Some backends disallow this situation so its an error.
+            Others keep namespace and symbol tables separate so its perfectly
+            allowable.
+        """
+        throw Exception('In [ns.name] there is a already non-namespace declaration named "[name]".')
     
 class BasicBackEnd inherits BackEnd
     """ Stub BackEnd for tests. """
@@ -178 +215 @@
         base.init(compiler)
         _name = 'c#-clr(basic)'
         _rtlName = 'cobraRTL.libext'
+        _rtlSrcFile = 'cobraRTL.ext'
         
         _tagToTypeName = {
             'Object': 'System.Object',
@@ -187 +225 @@
     def makePhases(phases as IList<of Phase>) is override
         pass
         
+    def getRecommendedBuiltInType(parentNameSpace as NameSpace?, name as String) as String? is override
+        return nil
+
     def computeOutName as String  is override
         return 'BasicOut'
         
@@ -223 +264 @@
     def cobraNameForNativeBoxName(name as String) as String is override
         return name + '_BBE'
     
+    def prepSystemObjectClass(box as Box) is override
+        pass
+        
+    def scanGenericArgs(box as Box) is override
+        pass
+        
+    def scanNativeType(box as Box) is override
+        pass
+        
+    def scanNativeType(edcl as EnumDecl) is override
+        pass
+        
+    def setUnderlyingType(edcl as EnumDecl)  is override
+        pass
+
     # Types
     get objectTypeProxy as AbstractTypeProxy is override
         return ClrTypeProxy(Object) # for testing
@@ -239 +295 @@
     def nativeTypeByName(qualifiedName as String) as NativeType is override
         return ClrNativeType(System.Object) #TODO: fix this to something non BE specific Tmp
     
-    def addArrayInterfaces( interfaces as List<of ITypeProxy>) is override
-        pass
-        
 class Compiler implements ITypeProvider, IWarningRecorder, IErrorRecorder, ICompilerForNodes is partial
     """
     General notes:
@@ -284 +337 @@
 
 
     # caches
-    #var _clrPrimitiveToITypeCache as IDictionary<of System.Type, IType>?
-    var _primitiveToITypeCache as IDictionary<of dynamic, IType>?
+    var _primitiveToITypeCache as IDictionary<of dynamic, IType>? # Key is backend type for a Type ( e.g System.Type)
 
     cue init
         .init(0, nil)
@@ -347 +399 @@
         _primitiveToITypeCache = value
 
     get globalNS from var
+        """
+        Holds all topLevel decls including refs to Namespaces used and referenced.
+        """
 
     pro mainMethodTypeName from var as String = ''
 
@@ -846 +901 @@
         return _nilableDynamicType to !
 # -- end of ITypeProvider
 
-/#
-overrides replacing above for mixin of BasicTypeProvider
-    class Compiler ... includes BasicTypeProvider
-        
-    var _nilableDynamicType as NilableType?
-    
-    get numberType as AbstractNumberType is override
-        if _numberType is nil
-            branch .options['number'] to String
-                on 'decimal', _numberType = .decimalType
-                on 'float',   _numberType = .floatType
-                on 'float32', _numberType = .floatType(32)
-                on 'float64', _numberType = .floatType(64)
-                else, throw FallThroughException(.options['number'])
-        return _numberType to !
 
 
-    def nilableType(type as IType) as NilableType is override
-        if type inherits NilableType, return type
-        if _nilableTypes is nil
-            _nilableTypes = Dictionary<of INode, NilableType>()
-        if _nilableTypes.containsKey(type)
-            return _nilableTypes[type]
-        else
-            _nilableTypes[type] = nt = NilableType(type)
-            nt.bindInh
-            if not .isBindingInh, nt.bindInt
-            return nt
-
-    def defaultType as IType is override
-        return .nilableDynamicType
-
-    def nilableDynamicType as NilableType
-        if _nilableDynamicType is nil
-            _nilableDynamicType = .nilableType(.dynamicType)
-        return _nilableDynamicType to !
-#/      
-
-
     get typeType as IType
-        #return _libraryType('System.Type')
-        #return _libraryType(.backEnd.tagToTypeName['Type'])
         return .libraryType('Type')
 
     ## More type stuff
@@ -1338 +1354 @@
         ns as IContainer = _globalNS
         thing as IContainer? = nil
         for name in names
-            #print (thing ? ns)
             possible = (thing ? ns).declForName(name)
+            if not possible
+                print thing ? ns
             assert possible, name
             if possible inherits IContainer
                 thing = possible

Source/Boxes.cobra

@@ -56 +56 @@
         ensure .needScanNativeType
         _nativeType = t
         _needScanNativeType = true
-        _callNativeScanMethod('ScanGenericArgs')    
-
-    def _callNativeScanMethod(tag as String)
-        """
-        Call a backend scan method for native type scan operation desired and backend in use.
-        """
-        # This is icky - method to call needs to be set directly via backend somehow rather than this check and call code   
-        # TODO: change to use strategy object set when init backend.
         assert .compiler
-        assert tag in ['ScanNativeType', 'ScanGenericArgs', 'prepSysObjClass'] # turn these into an Enum
-        backEnd = .compiler.backEnd
-        branch backEnd.name
-            on 'c#-clr'
-                branch tag
-                    on 'ScanNativeType',  _scanNativeTypeClr
-                    on 'ScanGenericArgs', _scanGenericArgsClr
-                    on 'prepSysObjClass', _prepSystemObjectClassClr
-        
-            on 'java-jvm'
-                branch tag
-                    on 'ScanNativeType',  _scanNativeTypeJvm
-                    on 'ScanGenericArgs', _scanGenericArgsJvm
-                    on 'prepSysObjClass', _prepSystemObjectClassJvm
-            on 'objc'
-                print 'objc back end need method for [tag]'
-                assert false, 'Missing backEnd infrastructure for [backEnd.getType.name]'
-                    #branch on tag
-                    #   on 'ScanNativeType',  _scanObjcNativeType
-                    #   on 'ScanGenericArgs', _scanObjcGenericArgs
-                    #   on 'prepSysObjClass', _prepSystemObjectClassObjc
-            else 
-                throw FallThroughException('No nativeScanMethod code for backend [backEnd.name] [backEnd.getType.name]')
+        .compiler.backEnd.scanGenericArgs(this) # Convert any Generic args fm backend form to Cobra data structures
                 
-        
     def addMinFields
         base.addMinFields
         .addField('didBindInh', .didBindInh)
@@ -650 +619 @@
     ## Binding
     def _scanNativeType
         #print '_scanNativeType ', .name
-        _callNativeScanMethod('ScanNativeType')     
+        assert .compiler
+        .compiler.backEnd.scanNativeType(this) # Convert library (native) info to Cobra data structures
         
     def _stackPush
         base._stackPush
@@ -730 +700 @@
         # Therefore, everthing below has already happened for a constructed box's generic def.
         base._bindInt
         if .isSystemObjectClass
-            _callNativeScanMethod('prepSysObjClass')
+            assert .compiler
+            .compiler.backEnd.prepSystemObjectClass(this) # add any improvements to root Object
         errorCount = .compiler.errors.count
         if _needScanNativeType, _scanNativeType
         if _baseClass
@@ -1104 +1075 @@
                     newDecls.add(nd)
             for decl in _declsInOrder
                 if decl inherits BoxMember
+                    #if not decl.didBindInt # hops: fix for crash with generics and java before changeset 2576
+                    #   print 'dbg: ', decl.name
+                    #   decl.bindInt
                     nd = decl.constructedFor(this, gpToType)
                     assert nd <> decl
                     newDecls.add(nd)
@@ -1886 +1860 @@
         base.init(TokenFix.empty, TokenFix.empty, backend.cobraNameForNativeBoxName(nativeType.name), List<of IType>(), List<of String>(), AttributeList(), List<of ITypeProxy>(), nil)
         _initNativeType(nativeType)
         # the real extended type is not this type, but the type of the first argument of any method
-        branch backend.name
-            on 'c#-clr',    nativeType = .clrExtnNativeType(nativeType)     # ScanClrType
-            on 'java-jvm',  nativeType = .jvmExtnNativeType(nativeType)     # ScanJvmType
-            on 'objc'
-                print 'objc back end need method objcExtnNativeType'
-                assert false, 'Missing backEnd infrastructure for [backend.getType.name]'
-            else 
-                throw FallThroughException('No extnNativeType code for backend [backend.name] [backend.getType.name]')
-        #nativeType = backEnd.determineExtnNativeType(nativeType)
+        nativeType = backend.determineExtnNativeType(this, nativeType)
         _extendedBoxProxy = backend.nativeTypeProxy(nativeType)
         (.compiler.curModule to AssemblyModule).addMustBindInh(this)
 

Source/Cobra.Lang/Java/CobraCore.java

@@ -17 +17 @@
     public static Boolean _willCheckAssert = true;
     public static Boolean _willCheckNil = true;
 
+    //public static String getRuntimePlatform() { return "jvm"; } // prop
+    public static final String runtimePlatform =  "jvm"; 
+    
     public static int noOp(/* allowNull */ Object... args) { 
         /* """
     No operation. Primarily used in Cobra's own test suite to consume a local variable to avoid undesired warnings.

Source/Cobra.Lang/Java/CobraLang.jar.sig

@@ -1 @@
-# PkgSig file for jarfile 'C:\home\hops\src\cobra\wkspace\Source\Cobra.Lang\java\CobraLang.jar'
-# jarfile:  C:\home\hops\src\cobra\wkspace\Source\Cobra.Lang\java\CobraLang.jar
-
-cobra.lang.CobraCore
-    class                          # JavaType
-    cobra.lang                     # package
-    CobraCore                      # name
-    java.lang.Object               # superclass
-    -                              # no  Interfaces
-    public                         # modifiers
-    var _willCheckInvariant
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        java.lang.Boolean              # Type
-    var _willCheckRequire
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        java.lang.Boolean              # Type
-    var _willCheckEnsure
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        java.lang.Boolean              # Type
-    var _willCheckAssert
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        java.lang.Boolean              # Type
-    var _willCheckNil
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        java.lang.Boolean              # Type
-    ctor cobra.lang.CobraCore
-        -                              # no Parameters
-    method noOp[V]
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        int                            # returnType
-        [Ljava.lang.Object;            # Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-    method runAllTests
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        void                           # returnType
-        -                              # no Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-    method printDebuggingTips
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        void                           # returnType
-        -                              # no Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-
-cobra.lang.CobraImp
-    class                          # JavaType
-    cobra.lang                     # package
-    CobraImp                       # name
-    java.lang.Object               # superclass
-    -                              # no  Interfaces
-    public                         # modifiers
-    var _printStringMaker
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        cobra.lang.CobraImp$SimpleStringMaker # Type
-    ctor cobra.lang.CobraImp
-        -                              # no Parameters
-    method printLine
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        void                           # returnType
-        -                              # no Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-    method printLine
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        void                           # returnType
-        java.lang.String               # Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-    method printStop
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        void                           # returnType
-        -                              # no Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-    method printStop
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        void                           # returnType
-        java.lang.String               # Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-    method makeString
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        java.lang.String               # returnType
-        java.lang.String               # Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-    method makeString
-        static public                  # modifiers
-        java.lang.String               # returnType
-        [Ljava.lang.String;            # Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-
-cobra.lang.CobraImp$SimpleStringMaker
-    class                          # JavaType
-    cobra.lang                     # package
-    CobraImp$SimpleStringMaker     # name
-    java.lang.Object               # superclass
-    -                              # no  Interfaces
-    static public                  # modifiers
-    ctor cobra.lang.CobraImp$SimpleStringMaker
-        -                              # no Parameters
-    method makeString
-        public                         # modifiers
-        java.lang.String               # returnType
-        [Ljava.lang.String;            # Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-    method makeString
-        public                         # modifiers
-        java.lang.String               # returnType
-        java.lang.String               # Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-    method makeString
-        public                         # modifiers
-        java.lang.String               # returnType
-        int                            # Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions
-    method makeString[V]
-        public                         # modifiers
-        java.lang.String               # returnType
-        [Ljava.lang.Object;            # Parameters
-        -                              # no Exceptions

Source/Cobra.Lang/Java/PkgSig.java

@@ -15 +15 @@
  *  
  * 
  * TODO 
- *  add cmdline flag generating pkgSig file w/o redirection:  
+ *  add cmdline flag generating pkgSig file w/o redirection:
  *      java -cp . PkgSig -cobra <pkgname>
  *  Cleanup and javadoc this file.
  * Put a PkgSig version and timestamp in the pkgSigFile
@@ -331 +331 @@
     public static void usage() {
         System.out.println("Unknown usage");
         System.out.printf("usage: pkgSig [-p] <pkgName>\n");
-        System.out.printf("usage: pkgSig -j <jarfile>\n ");
-        System.out.printf("  Display class signatures for a package or contents of a jarfile.\n\n ");
+        System.out.printf("usage: pkgSig -j <jarfile>\n");
+        System.out.printf("usage: pkgSig -jrt\n ");
+        System.out.printf("  Display class signatures for a package or contents of a jarfile.\n\n");
         System.out.printf("A class signature is the class name, its superclass and signatures for fields and methods of the class.\n");
         System.out.printf("Packages are searched for in files and jars in classpath.\n");
         System.out.printf("Jarfiles are specified as relative or absolute pathnames. Relative pathname Jarfiles not found are searched for in the classpath\n");
+        System.out.printf("The -jrt invocation displays class Signatures for the java runtime jarfile(s)\n");
         System.out.printf("Output format is suitable for parsing and use by the cobra java backend (cross) compiler.\n");
         System.exit(2);
     }
@@ -369 +371 @@
         return jarFile;
     }
     
+    public static void sigForJarFile(String fileName, Set<String> suppressFilter) throws ClassNotFoundException
+    {
+        ClassLoader loader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+        assert loader != null;
+        File jarFile = PkgSig.lookForJarFile(fileName, loader);
+        if ( !jarFile.exists()) {
+            System.out.printf("File '%s' does not exist.\n", jarFile.getAbsolutePath());
+            System.exit(1);
+        }
+            
+        //System.out.printf( "DBG: jarfile=%s\n", jarFile.getAbsolutePath());
+        Set<Class> clsSet = new java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListSet<Class>(new PkgSig.ClassComparator());
+
+        System.out.printf("# PkgSig file for jarfile '%s'\n", jarFile.getAbsolutePath());
+        processJarFile(jarFile.getAbsolutePath(), loader, null, suppressFilter, clsSet);
+        
+        for ( Class cls : clsSet) {
+            new ClassSig(cls).emit();
+        }
+    }
     
     public static void main( String[] args) throws Exception {
         if (args.length ==0 )
               usage();
 
-        if (args.length == 1 ) {  // default -p pkgname [...]
-            if ( args[0].startsWith("-")) usage();
-
+        if (args.length == 1 && !args[0].startsWith("-") ) {  // default -p pkgname [...]
             String pkg = args[0];
             Set<Class> clsSet = PkgSig.findClassesForPkg(pkg);
             if (clsSet.size() == 0 )
@@ -386 +406 @@
             }
 
             for ( Class cls : clsSet) {
-                    //Class cls = (Class)o;
-                    //System.out.println(cls.getName());
                 ClassSig classSig = new ClassSig(cls);
                 classSig.emit();    
             }
@@ -396 +414 @@
             String pkg = args[1];
             Set<Class> clsSet = PkgSig.findClassesForPkg(pkg);
             for ( Class cls : clsSet) {
-                //ClassSig classSig = new ClassSig(cls);
-                //classSig.emit();    
                 new ClassSig(cls).emit();
             }
         }
         else if (args[0].equals("-j")) {
-            ClassLoader loader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
-            assert loader != null;
-            String fileName = args[1];
-            File jarFile = PkgSig.lookForJarFile(fileName, loader);
-            if ( !jarFile.exists()) {
-                System.out.printf("File '%s' does not exist.\n", jarFile.getAbsolutePath());
-                System.exit(1);
-            }
+            PkgSig.sigForJarFile(args[1], null);
+        }
+        else if (args[0].equals("-jrt")) {  // java runtime 
+            Set<String> suppressFilter = new HashSet<String>();
             
-            //System.out.printf( "DBG: jarfile=%s\n", jarFile.getAbsolutePath());
-        Set<Class> clsSet = new java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListSet<Class>(new PkgSig.ClassComparator());
-            Set<String> suppressFilter = new HashSet<String>();
             // Theres upwards of 8000 classes in rt.jar most of which we dont care about
             // suppress internal implementation classes which shouldnt be using anyway
             suppressFilter.add("com.sun");
             suppressFilter.add("com.sunw");
             suppressFilter.add("sun");
             suppressFilter.add("sunw");
+            
             // suppress some biggies we 'probably' wont ever use - may want to revisit these
-            suppressFilter.add("org.omg");
-            suppressFilter.add("javax.swing.plaf");
+            suppressFilter.add("org.omg"); // Corba Sh*t - cos *everybody* needs this in the base RTL
+            suppressFilter.add("javax.swing.plaf"); // swing platform GUI implementations - ditto
             suppressFilter.add("javax.print.attribute.standard");
-            suppressFilter.add("org.jcp.xml.dsig");
+            suppressFilter.add("org.jcp.xml.dsig"); // bloat in the RTL - why should we worry about that?
 
-            System.out.printf("# PkgSig file for jarfile '%s'\n", jarFile.getAbsolutePath());
-            processJarFile(jarFile.getAbsolutePath(), loader, null, suppressFilter, clsSet);
-        
-            for ( Class cls : clsSet) {
-                new ClassSig(cls).emit();
-            }
+            PkgSig.sigForJarFile("rt.jar", suppressFilter);
         }
         else {
             usage();
@@ -448 +453 @@
     Class cls;
     TypeVariable<?>[] genericParams = {};
     int indent= 0;
-    
+    static String TYPE_SEP = ",";
+          
     public ClassSig(Class cls) {
         this.cls = cls;
     }    
@@ -486 +492 @@
         System.out.printf( "%-30s %s\n", t, "# JavaType");
         
         printIndent();
-        System.out.printf("%-30s %s\n", this.cls.getPackage().getName(), "# package");
+        String pkgName = this.cls.getPackage().getName();
+        System.out.printf("%-30s %s\n", pkgName, "# package");
         
-        // Name of the class, dotNet form for Generic class
-        String clsName = this.cls.getSimpleName();
-        Class enclClass = this.cls.getEnclosingClass();
-        if ( enclClass != null) {
-            clsName = enclClass.getSimpleName() + "$" + this.cls.getSimpleName();
-            flags += "N";
-        }
+        // Name of the class(without pkgname), dotNet form for Generic class
+        String clsName = this.cls.getName();
+        if (clsName.startsWith(pkgName+"."))
+              clsName = clsName.substring(pkgName.length()+1);
         String gName = this.dotNetGenericsName(this.cls, clsName);
         if (! gName.isEmpty()) {
             clsName = gName;
@@ -524 +528 @@
         //  Interfaces
         //System.out.printf("%-30s %s\n", '-', " # interfaces");
         //Class[] interfaces = this.cls.getInterfaces();
-        //emitClassList(interfaces, "interfaces");
-        Type[] gInterfaces = this.cls.getGenericInterfaces();
+        //emitClassList(interfaces, "nonG interfaces");
+        Type[] gInterfaces = getAllGenericInterfaces(this.cls);
+        //Type[] gInterfaces = this.cls.getGenericInterfaces();
         emitTypesList(gInterfaces, " Interfaces");
+        //System.out.printf("### nIfcs %d, ngIfcs %d\n", interfaces.length, gInterfaces.length);
 
         // Modifiers
         //System.out.printf("%-30s %s\n", '-', " # modifiers");
@@ -709 +715 @@
         for (Class c : clsList) {
             sb.append(sep);
             sb.append(c.getName());
-            sep = ",";
+            sep = TYPE_SEP;            
         }
         if (clsList.length == 0 ) 
             sb.append("-");
@@ -732 +738 @@
         for (TypeVariable<?> p : this.genericParams) { // 
             sb.append(sep);
             sb.append(p.getName());
-            sep = ",";
+            sep = TYPE_SEP;            
+            
         }
         //if (this.genericParams.length == 0 ) 
         //    return; //sb.append("-");
@@ -751 +758 @@
             sb.append(sep);
             String tStr = this.makeTypeStr(t);
             sb.append(tStr);
-            sep = ",";
+            sep = TYPE_SEP;            
+            
         }
         if (typList.length == 0 ) {
             //if (isOptional)
@@ -774 +782 @@
     
     /*
      * Cleanup a (Generic) Type name to be 'consistant' with class naming.
+     * 
+     * @param t   Type to do name cleanup on
+     * @return     String representation of 'cleaned' Type 
      */
     public String makeTypeStr(Type t) {
         String tStr = t.toString();
+        //System.out.printf("### %-50s \n", tStr);
+        tStr = tStr.replace("java.util.Map.java.util.Map", "java.util.Map");  // EntrySets screwed for some reason
+        
         tStr = tStr.replace("class ", "");  // sometimes puts on leading 'type '
         tStr = tStr.replace("interface ", "");  
         // possibly others - enum ?
@@ -794 +808 @@
         }
         return tStr;
     }
+    
+    /* Walk class inheritance hierachy from a class up,  accumulate and return all the 
+     * interfaces (generic and not) supported.
+     * Uses getGenericInterfaces to lookup interfaces for each class.
+     * 
+     * @param cls   Class to obtain all interfaces for.
+     * @return      Array of Types containing all generic interfaces found
+     */
+    public Type[] getAllGenericInterfaces(Class cls) {
+        List<Type> ifcs = new ArrayList<Type>();
+        while ( cls != null ) {
+            for ( Type t : cls.getGenericInterfaces() )
+            ifcs.add(0, t); // insert at front so list is in superclass downwards order
+            cls = cls.getSuperclass();
+        }
+
+        // remove any dups using a Set
+        Set<Type> ifcSet = new LinkedHashSet<Type>();
+        for ( Type t : ifcs )
+            ifcSet.add(t);
+        return ifcSet.toArray(new Type[0]);
+    }
 }

Source/Cobra.Lang/Java/mkjar

@@ -10 +10 @@
 [ $? == 0 ] || exit
 cp CobraLang.jar ../..
 
-#java -cp '.;CobraLang.jar'  PkgSig -j CobraLang.jar > CobraLang.jar.sig
+#echo 'pkgSig for CobraLang.jar'
+java -cp '.;CobraLang.jar'  PkgSig -j CobraLang.jar > CobraLang.jar.sig
+cp CobraLang.jar.sig  ../..
+
+
 ## assume rt.jar, java.util and java.lang sigfiles already exist and are static
 #cp CobraLang.jar.sig rt.jar.sig java.util.sig java.lang.sig ../..

Source/Cobra.Lang/Java/mkjarAll

@@ -20 +20 @@
 java -cp '.;CobraLang.jar'  PkgSig -j CobraLang.jar > CobraLang.jar.sig
 
 echo 'Gen pkgSig file for rt.jar'
-java -cp .  PkgSig -j rt.jar > rt.jar.sig
+java -cp .  PkgSig -jrt > rt.jar.sig
 echo 'Gen pkgSig file for java.lang'
 java -cp .  PkgSig  java.lang > java.lang.sig
 echo 'Gen pkgSig file for java.util'

Source/Cobra.Lang/CobraCore.cobra

@@ -385 +385 @@
                 require false
                 pass
 
+            get runtimePlatform as String
+                return 'clr'
+                #return 'jvm'
+                # return 'objc'
+
             var _isRunningOnMono as bool?
             
             get isRunningOnMono as bool

Source/Cobra.Lang/Tracer.cobra

@@ -13 +13 @@
         var _isActive = true
         var _willAutoFlush = true
         var _dest as TextWriter
-        var _separator = '; '
+        var _separator = ';\n     -:'
         var _prefix = '    trace: '
         var _willOutputDirectoryNames = false
 

Source/Node.cobra

@@ -1188 +1188 @@
     ## More types
     # TODO: move up to ITypeProvider?
 
-    #get clrPrimitiveToITypeCache as IDictionary<of System.Type, IType>?
     get primitiveToITypeCache as IDictionary<of dynamic, IType>?
 
     get basicTypes as IList<of PrimitiveType>

Source/Module.cobra

@@ -37 +37 @@
     var _topNameSpace as NameSpace
     var _mustBindInhList = List<of INameSpaceMember>()
 
-    #cue init(ass as Assembly, globalNS as NameSpace)
-    #   .init(ass, 0, globalNS)
-
-    #cue init(ass as Assembly, verbosity as int, globalNS as NameSpace)
-    #   base.init(ass.location, verbosity, '')
-    #   _topNameSpace = NameSpace(globalNS, '(top namespace for assembly [ass])')
-
     cue init(location as String, globalNS as NameSpace)
         .init(location, 0, globalNS)
 
@@ -63 +56 @@
 
     def _bindInh
         base._bindInh
-        # .topNameSpace.bindInh - It's too expensive to scan all types in a DLL. Do them as needed.
+        # .topNameSpace.bindInh - It's too expensive to scan all types in a DLL. Do them as needed. (See Box._prepIfNeeded)
         for item in _mustBindInhList, item.bindInh
 
     def _bindInt
         base._bindInt
-        # .topNameSpace.bindInt - It's too expensive to scan all types in a DLL. Do them as needed.
+        # .topNameSpace.bindInt - It's too expensive to scan all types in a DLL. Do them as needed. (See Box._prepIfNeeded)
 
 
 class CobraModule inherits Module is partial
+    """
+    Module for a cobra source File.
+        Holds name, docString and the topLevelNamespace as the root of the parsed AST nodes.
+        Also handles binding by passing bind invocation onto its namespace to action.
+    """
 
     cue init(fileName as String, verbosity as int, docString as String, globalNS as NameSpace)
         base.init(fileName, verbosity, docString)

Source/NameSpace.cobra

@@ -13 +13 @@
     is partial
     inherits Container<of INameSpaceMember>
     implements IParentSpace, INameSpaceMember
-
+    
+    """
+    Two flavours of NameSpace
+        Unified -  holds decls + NameSpaces
+        Non-unified - holds decls + NameSpaces and list of Use Directives done in the namespace.
+                    - points to its corresponding unified namespace
+    
+        (Most) modules have a topLevel namespace that holds the modules contents
+        The compiler holds a global namespace for the program containing all top level namespaces and (system) namespaces referenced.
+    """
+    
     var _unifiedNameSpace as NameSpace?
     var _superNameSpace as NameSpace?
     var _subNameSpacesByName as Dictionary<of String, NameSpace>
@@ -131 +141 @@
             ns = _subNameSpacesByName[name]
         else
             if _declsByName.containsKey(name)
-                throw Exception('There is a non-namespace declaration named "[name]".')
+                return .compiler.backEnd.handleNameSpaceNameCollision(this, token, name)
             ns = NameSpace(token, name, this)
             if not .isUnified
                 # mirror in the unified namespace
@@ -267 +277 @@
             m = ud.extensionMemberFor(box, name)
             if m, return m
         return if(_superNameSpace, _superNameSpace._extensionMemberFromUseDirectives(box, name), nil)
-
+        
     def symbolForName(name as String) as IMember?
         if not .isUnified
             x = _unifiedNameSpace.symbolForName(name)
@@ -291 +301 @@
             # our decl?
             # TODO: should this come before checking our name? what does C# do?
             x = .declForName(name)
-            if x, return x
+            if x
+                return x
 /#
             # wrong. see ticket:128
             # a parent namespace?

Source/Phases/BindUsePhase.cobra

@@ -87 +87 @@
             # curNS = nil # force reference attempt
         if curNS is nil and not didAutoLoad
             if _fileName <> ''
-                #if .compiler.loadReference(_fileName + '.dll')
                 if .compiler.loadReference(_fileName, true)
                     _bindUse(true)
                     if .boundNameSpace is nil
@@ -99 +98 @@
                         return
                     .throwError('Cannot find library file "[_fileName]".')
             else
-                if _fullName.endsWith('.dll')
-                    .throwError('Do not end a namespace name in a "use" directive with ".dll".')
-                #if .compiler.loadReference(_fullName + '.dll')
+                if _fullName.endsWith('.dll') or _fullName.endsWith('.jar') 
+                    .throwError('Do not end a namespace name in a "use" directive with an extension (like ".dll" or ".jar").')
                 if .compiler.loadReference(_fullName, true)
                     _bindUse(true)
                     if .boundNameSpace is nil
@@ -119 +117 @@
                         if curNS is nil, break
                         partialName += '.' + name
                     if partialName == ''
+                        #assert false
                         .throwError('Cannot find namespace "[_fullName]".')
                     else
                         .throwError('Cannot find namespace "[name]" in "[partialName[1:]]".')

Source/Phases/BindInterfacePhase.cobra

@@ -1 +1 @@
 class BindInterfacePhase inherits Phase
     """
+    Set the typing of interfacing or API items. 
     Bind the AST nodes for var types, parameter types, return types, etc. to their actual types.
     Does not look inside implementations of methods and properties; only at the interface/API of the types.
     """

Source/Phases/BindRunTimeLibraryPhase.cobra

@@ -38 +38 @@
         filesPath = Path.combine(Path.combine(.cobraExeDir, 'Cobra.Lang'), 'files.text')
         runTimePaths = c.commandLineArgParser.readFilesFile(filesPath)
         runTimePaths.reverse
+        rtlSrcFile = c.backEnd.rtlSrcFile   #'Native.cs'
+        assert rtlSrcFile.count(c'.') == 1
         for runTimePath in runTimePaths
-            if Path.getFileName(runTimePath) == 'Native.cs'
+            if Path.getFileName(runTimePath) == rtlSrcFile
                 suffix = .options.embedRunTimeSuffix
                 nativeCode = File.readAllText(runTimePath)
                 nativeCode = nativeCode.replace('namespace Cobra.Lang', 'namespace Cobra.Lang'+suffix)
-                newPath = Path.getFullPath('Native[suffix].cs')
+                newPath = Path.getFullPath(rtlSrcFile.before('.') + suffix + '.' + rtlSrcFile.after('.'))
                 File.writeAllText(newPath, nativeCode)
                 c.addIntermediateFile(newPath)
                 pathsToCompile.insert(0, newPath)

Source/Utils.cobra

@@ -54 +54 @@
 extend String
 
     # These should go in String Extensions
-    def beforeL(sep as String) as String
+    def before(sep as String) as String
         test
             s = 'abc|de'
-            assert s.beforeL('|') == 'abc'
-            assert s.beforeL('=') == 'abc|de'
-            assert '|abcde'.beforeL('|') == ''
-            assert 'abcde|'.beforeL('|') == 'abcde'
+            assert s.before('|') == 'abc'
+            assert s.before('=') == 'abc|de'
+            assert '|abcde'.before('|') == ''
+            assert 'abcde|'.before('|') == 'abcde'
         body
             idx = .indexOf(sep)
             if idx < 0
                 return this
             return this[0:idx]
 
-    def afterL(sep as String) as String
+    def after(sep as String) as String
         test
             s = 'abc|de'
-            assert s.afterL('|') == 'de'
-            assert s.afterL('=') == ''
-            assert '|abcde'.afterL('|') == 'abcde'
-            assert 'abcde|'.afterL('|') == ''
+            assert s.after('|') == 'de'
+            assert s.after('=') == ''
+            assert '|abcde'.after('|') == 'abcde'
+            assert 'abcde|'.after('|') == ''
         body
             idx = .indexOf(sep)
             if idx < 0

Source/BackEndClr/ClrType.cobra

@@ -193 +193 @@
     #   clrPrimitiveToIType = Dictionary<of dynamic, IType>()
         for bt in .compiler.basicTypes
             if bt.systemAliasProxy
-                key = (.compiler.nativeType((bt.systemAliasProxy to LibraryTypeProxy).qualifiedName) to ClrNativeType).clrType # TODO: hops cleanup no ClrNativeType
+                key = (.compiler.nativeType((bt.systemAliasProxy to LibraryTypeProxy).qualifiedName) to ClrNativeType).clrType
                 clrPrimitiveToIType[key] = bt
         assert clrPrimitiveToIType.count == 0 or clrPrimitiveToIType.count > 9
         return clrPrimitiveToIType

Source/BackEndClr/ScanClrType.cobra

@@ -239 +239 @@
         finally
             _curModule = saveModule
 
-    def dotNetfixNilableMemberSigs
+    def dotNetFixNilableMemberSigs
+        # Fix the listed members to be non Nilable
         # TODO: this really needs to go in a separate file that the compiler reads each time
-
         # TODO: look to see if what the Spec# team put together can be leveraged instead of recreating all this work!
-        # fix up member sigs regarding nilable
         # hard coded below. TODO: read from a Cobra config file
         _fix('System.Object', 'toString getType memberwiseClone')
             # ^ regarding .toString, not technically true, but common enough and life is too painful when the return type is nilable
@@ -433 +432 @@
     def isClrSystemExceptionClass as bool
         return .name == 'Exception' and .parentNameSpace and .parentNameSpace.fullName == 'System'
                 
-    def _prepSystemObjectClassClr
+    def prepSystemObjectClassClr
         # Pretend .NET is a bit more OO, consistent and elegant.
         # C#'s typeof(X) is X.getType in Cobra.
         existing = .declForName('getType') to BoxMember
@@ -443 +442 @@
         meth.sharedMethodBacking = 'typeof'
         overload.addMember(meth)
         
-    def _scanNativeTypeClr
+    def scanNativeTypeClr
         """
         Subclasses should invoke base and then invoke the various _scanFoo methods that are appropriate for them.
         """
@@ -452 +451 @@
         # print '<> _scanNativeType for [.name] in [_parentNameSpace.fullName], class is [.getType.name]'
 
 
-    def _scanGenericArgsClr
+    def scanGenericArgsClr
         if _clrType.isGenericType
             for genArg in _clrType.getGenericArguments
                 t = (.compiler to Compiler).typeForClrType(genArg)
@@ -818 +817 @@
 class Class
     is partial
 
-    def _scanNativeTypeClr
-        base._scanNativeTypeClr
+    def scanNativeTypeClr
+        base.scanNativeTypeClr
         _scanClrIsNames
         _scanClrImplements
         _scanClrNestedTypes
@@ -835 +834 @@
 class Interface
     is partial
 
-    def _scanNativeTypeClr
-        base._scanNativeTypeClr
+    def scanNativeTypeClr
+        base.scanNativeTypeClr
         _scanClrIsNames
         _scanClrImplements
         _scanClrNestedTypes
@@ -849 +848 @@
 class Struct
     is partial
 
-    def _scanNativeTypeClr
-        base._scanNativeTypeClr
+    def scanNativeTypeClr
+        base.scanNativeTypeClr
         _scanClrIsNames
         _scanClrImplements
         _scanClrNestedTypes
@@ -863 +862 @@
 
 class Extension is partial
 
-    def _scanNativeTypeClr
+    def scanNativeTypeClr
         # this only for Cobra specific extensions. Example: class Extend_String_1939
-        base._scanNativeTypeClr
+        base.scanNativeTypeClr
         _scanClrIsNames
         #_scanClrImplements
         #_scanClrNestedTypes
@@ -894 +893 @@
 
 class EnumDecl is partial
 
-    def _setUnderlyingTypeClr
+    cue init(parent as IParentSpace?, nativeType as NativeType)
+        .init(parent, nativeType, List<of String>(), '')
+        
+    def setUnderlyingTypeClr
         _storageTypeNode =  ClrTypeProxy(Enum.getUnderlyingType((_nativeType to ClrNativeType).backEndType))
     
-    def _scanNativeTypeClr
+    def scanNativeTypeClr
         # TODO: read attribs
         _needScanNativeType = false
         clrType = (_nativeType to ClrNativeType).clrType 

Source/BackEndClr/ClrBackEnd.cobra

@@ -13 +13 @@
         _typeTypeProxy = ClrTypeProxy(Type)
         _name = 'c#-clr'
         _rtlName = 'Cobra.Lang.dll'
+        _rtlSrcFile = 'Native.cs' # backEnd source file containing native code support for Cobra.Lang
     
         _tagToTypeName = { 
             'Object'    :       'System.Object',
@@ -51 +52 @@
             'uint32': 'System.UInt32',      
             'uint64': 'System.UInt64',      
             }
-        
+
     def makePhases(phases as IList<of Phase>) is override
         phases.add(GenerateSharpCodePhase(.compiler))
         phases.add(CompileSharpCodePhase(.compiler))
 
+    def getRecommendedBuiltInType(parentNameSpace as NameSpace?, name as String) as String? is override
+        n = nil to String?
+        if parentNameSpace and parentNameSpace.fullName == 'System'
+            branch name
+                on 'Boolean', n = 'bool'
+                on 'SByte',   n = 'int8'
+                on 'Byte',    n = 'uint8'
+                on 'Int16',   n = 'int16'
+                on 'UInt16',  n = 'uint16'
+                on 'Int32',   n = 'int32'
+                on 'UInt32',  n = 'uint32'
+                on 'Int64',   n = 'int64'
+                on 'UInt64',  n = 'uint64'
+                on 'Char',    n = 'char'
+                on 'Single',  n = 'float32'
+                on 'Double',  n = 'float'
+                on 'Decimal', n = 'decimal'
+        return n
+
     def computeOutName as String is override
         return .compiler.computeOutNameSharp
         
@@ -119 +139 @@
         .compiler.clrReadAssembly(t.assembly) # System.dll
         
     def fixNilableMemberSigs is override
-        .compiler.dotNetfixNilableMemberSigs # in ScanClrType
+        .compiler.dotNetFixNilableMemberSigs # in ScanClrType
         
     # Types
     get objectTypeProxy from var  is override
@@ -160 +180 @@
     def installNativeMethods(box as Box, nativeType as NativeType) is override
         .compiler.installClrNativeMethods(box, nativeType) # in ScanClrType
         
-    def addArrayInterfaces( interfaces as List<of ITypeProxy>) is override
-        iclone = .compiler.libraryType('ICloneable')
-        interfaces.insert(0, iclone to ITypeProxy)
+
+    def prepSystemObjectClass(box as Box) is override
+        box.prepSystemObjectClassClr
+        
+    def scanGenericArgs(box as Box) is override
+        box.scanGenericArgsClr
+        
+    def scanNativeType(box as Box) is override
+        """ Do scan/Load of Types from a dll """
+        box.scanNativeTypeClr
+        
+    def scanNativeType(edcl as EnumDecl) is override
+        edcl.scanNativeTypeClr
+        
+    def setUnderlyingType(edcl as EnumDecl)  is override
+        edcl.setUnderlyingTypeClr
     
-    
+    def determineExtnNativeType(extn as Extension, nativeType as NativeType) as NativeType is override
+        return extn.clrExtnNativeType(nativeType)   # ScanClrType
+
+    def handleNameSpaceNameCollision(ns as NameSpace, token as IToken, name as String) as NameSpace  is override
+        """Clr doesnt allow colliding names."""
+        throw Exception('In [ns.name] there is a already non-namespace declaration named "[name]".')
         
+        
+        
 class GenerateSharpCodePhase inherits Phase
 
     cue init(c as Compiler)

Source/Types.cobra

@@ -1095 +1095 @@
             base.init(superType)
             _size = size
             branch size
-                on 32, _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType('single')
-                on 64, _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType('double')
+                on 32, tag = 'single'
+                on 64, tag = 'double'
                 else, throw FallThroughException(size)
-            _systemAliasProxy = LibraryTypeProxy(_nativeType.fullName)
+            _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType(tag)
+            _systemAliasProxy = LibraryTypeProxy(tag)
 
     def addMinFields
         base.addMinFields
@@ -1202 +1203 @@
             _size = size
             if signed
                 branch size
-                    on  8, _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType('sbyte')
-                    on 16, _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType('int16')
-                    on 32, _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType('int32')
-                    on 64, _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType('int64')
+                    on  8, tag = 'sbyte'
+                    on 16, tag = 'int16'
+                    on 32, tag = 'int32'
+                    on 64, tag = 'int64'
                     else, throw FallThroughException(size)
             else
                 branch size
-                    on  8, _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType('byte')
-                    on 16, _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType('uint16')
-                    on 32, _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType('uint32')
-                    on 64, _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType('uint64')
+                    on  8, tag = 'byte'
+                    on 16, tag = 'uint16'
+                    on 32, tag = 'uint32'
+                    on 64, tag = 'uint64'
                     else, throw FallThroughException(size)
-            _systemAliasProxy = LibraryTypeProxy(_nativeType.fullName)
+            _nativeType = .typeProvider.nativeType(tag)
+            _systemAliasProxy = LibraryTypeProxy(tag)
 
     def addMinFields
         base.addMinFields
@@ -1731 +1733 @@
             ienum = .compiler.enumerableOfType.constructedTypeFor([.theWrappedType])
             _ilistOf = .compiler.ilistOfType.constructedTypeFor([.theWrappedType]) to Interface
             interfaces = [icoll to ITypeProxy, ienum]  # TODO:, _ilistOf]  -- problems with cobra -ert:yes hello and extension method String.split
-            .compiler.backEnd.addArrayInterfaces(interfaces)
+            iclone = .compiler.libraryType('ICloneable')
+            interfaces.insert(0, iclone to ITypeProxy)
             _box = Class(Token.empty, Token.empty, '[.getType.name]_[.serialNum]', List<of IType>(), List<of String>(), AttributeList(), nil, interfaces, List<of ITypeProxy>(), nil)
             # TODO: make members based on System.Array
             indexer = Indexer(Token.empty, Token.empty, _box, r'[]', [Param(Token('', 1, 1, 1, 'ID', 'index', nil), .compiler.intType)], _wrappedType, List<of String>(), AttributeList(), '')

Source/BackEndJvm/JvmJarSig.cobra

@@ -25 +25 @@
         var classByNameCache = Dictionary<of String, JavaClassType>()
             """All classes found in all jars keyed by canonical/full name."""
                 
+        def lookupClassByCobraName(fullCobraName as String) as JavaClassType
+            """
+            This is the only way to access the JarSig classCache contents from outside this file.
+            """
+            assert fullCobraName[0].isUpper
+            parts = fullCobraName.split('.')
+            for i in 0: parts.length-1
+                parts[i] = parts[i][0].toLower.toString + parts[i][1:]
+            fullName = parts.join('.')
+            #print 'Lookup "[fullCobraName]" as "[fullName]"'
+            return JarSig.classByNameCache[fullName]
+                
         def lookupClass(fullName as String) as JavaClassType
             """ Lookup class by full/canonicalName."""
             if not JarSig.classByNameCache.containsKey(fullName)
-                if fullName.startsWith(r'['),     .addArrayClass(fullName)
-                else if fullName.contains(r'<'),  .addGenericInstClass(fullName)
-                else if not fullName.contains('.'), .addGenericParamClass(fullName)
+                if fullName.startsWith(r'[')    # [a.b.c; 
+                    .addArrayClass(fullName)
+                else if fullName.contains(r'<')  #  Generic a.b.c<a.b.c,..> or a.b.c<T> or a.b.c<?...>
+                    paramList = fullName.after('<')
+                    if _hasBoundParam(paramList),   .addGenericInstClass(fullName) # shld this be a genericDefn ?
+                    else if paramList.contains('.'), .addGenericInstClass(fullName)
+                    else, return .findAliasGenericDefnClass(fullName)
+                else if fullName.startsWith('?') or _hasBoundParam(fullName) or not fullName.contains('.')
+                    .addGenericParamClass(fullName)                 
                 else
-                    print 'Dbg:JarSig.lookupClass - unknown class:[fullName]'
+                    print 'Dbg:JarSig.lookupClass - unknown class:"[fullName]".'
             #print 'Lookup class', fullName
             return JarSig.classByNameCache[fullName]
                     
+        # java bounded generic param '<? extends TYPE>' or '<? super TYPE>'
+        def _hasBoundParam(name as String) as bool
+            return name.contains(' extends ') or name.contains(' super ') or name.contains('?')         
+        
         def addArrayClass(aName as String)
             """Array classes are synthesized on reference assuming element class already exists."""
-            print 'Dbg crt ArrayClass "[aName]"'    
+            #print 'Dbg crt ArrayClass "[aName]"'   
             elName = aName.replace(r'[','') 
             branch elName
                 on 'Z', elName = 'boolean'
@@ -61 +83 @@
             elType = JarSig.lookupClass(elName)
             arrayCls = JavaClassType(aName, elType) # ArrayType
             JarSig.classByNameCache[aName] = arrayCls
-            print 'Dbg: added ArrayOf_[elName] "[aName]"'   
+            #print 'Dbg: added ArrayOf_[elName] "[aName]"'  
         
         def addGenericInstClass(fullName as String)
             """
@@ -69 +91 @@
                 e.g. com.x.MyClass<com.x.Inst, java.lang.String>
             Synthesized (here) as a result of being referenced.
             """
-            print 'Dbg crt GenericInstClass "[fullName]"' 
+            #print 'Dbg crt GenericInstClass "[fullName]"' 
             assert fullName.contains('<') and fullName.endsWith('>')
-            canonName = fullName.beforeL('<')
+            canonName = fullName.before('<')
             assert canonName.contains('.')
             idx = canonName.lastIndexOf('.')
             gName = canonName[idx+1:]
             pkg = canonName[0:idx]
-            paramTypes = fullName.afterL('<')[0:-1] # drop end '>'
-            print 'Dbg: GenericInstanceClass "[pkg]" "[gName]" "[paramTypes]'   
+            paramTypes = fullName.after('<')[0:-1] # drop end '>'
+            #print 'Dbg: GenericInstanceClass "[pkg]" "[gName]" "[paramTypes]'  
             giCls = JavaClassType(gName, pkg, paramTypes)
             JarSig.classByNameCache[fullName] = giCls
-            # JarSig.registerClassType(pkg, giCls)  
-            print 'Dbg: added GenericInstanceClass "[fullName]"'    
+            #JarSig.registerClassType(fullName, giCls)  
+            #print 'Dbg: added GenericInstanceClass "[fullName]"'   
                 
+        def findAliasGenericDefnClass(fullName as String) as JavaClassType
+            """
+            Generic class being used as a param where declared with different param list
+            Generic class defn redeclared with a specific bound paramList
+                e.g. com.x.MyClass<? extends a.b.c>, com.x.MyClass<? super d.e>
+                     com.x.myClass<V>, vs dcl as com.x.myClass<TValue>
+            Synthesized (here) as a result of being referenced.
+            """
+            assert fullName.contains('<') and fullName.endsWith('>')
+            canonName = fullName.before('<')
+            #params = fullName.after('<')[0:-1] # drop end '>'
+            #nParams = 1 + params.count(c',') # params.countOf(c',')  
+            #assert canonName.contains('.')
+            #idx = canonName.lastIndexOf('.')
+            #gDefName = canonName[idx+1:] + '`[nParams]'
+            #pkg = canonName[0:idx]
+            #print 'Dbg: GenericDefnClass "[canonName]" "[params]"'     
+            return JarSig.lookupClass(canonName)
+            # Shld already exist but prob with different paramNames in paramList
+            #gDefCls = JavaClassType(gDefName, pkg, params)
+            #JarSig.classByNameCache[fullName] = gDefCls
+            #JarSig._registerClassType(fullName, giCls) 
+            #print 'Dbg: added GenericDefinitionClass "[fullName]"'     
+
         def addGenericParamClass(name as String)
-            print 'Dbg crt Generic Param Class "[name]"' 
+            #print 'Dbg crt Generic Param Class "[name]"' 
             gparamCls = JavaClassType(name, JavaType.GenericParam, '')
             JarSig.classByNameCache[name] = gparamCls
-            print 'Dbg: added Generic Parameter Class "[name]"'     
+            #print 'Dbg: added Generic Parameter Class "[name]"'    
                 
     def sigFile(name as String) as String is shared
         """ 
@@ -136 +182 @@
             _registerClassType(jct)
             
     def _registerClassType(jct as JavaClassType)
-        _javaTypes.add(jct)
         canonName = jct.canonicalName
         if '`' in canonName # jct.isGeneric
-            canonName = canonName.beforeL('`')
-            #parts = canonName.split('`')
-            #canonName = parts[0]   
+            canonName = canonName.before('`')   # canonName = canonName.split('`')[0]
+        _registerClassType(canonName, jct)
+    
+    def _registerClassType(canonName as String, jct as JavaClassType)
+        _javaTypes.add(jct)
         JarSig.classByNameCache[canonName] = jct
-            
+        #print 'Dbg: register [canonName]'
+        
     def _aliasPrimitives
         if JarSig.classByNameCache.containsKey('void')
             return
@@ -155 +203 @@
         JarSig.classByNameCache['short']   = JarSig.classByNameCache['java.lang.Short'] 
         JarSig.classByNameCache['int']     = JarSig.classByNameCache['java.lang.Integer'] 
         JarSig.classByNameCache['long']    = JarSig.classByNameCache['java.lang.Long'] 
+        #l = JarSig.classByNameCache['java.lang.Long'] 
+        #l = l.copy('long','')
+        #JarSig.classByNameCache['long']    = l
+        #_javaTypes.add(l)
         JarSig.classByNameCache['float']   = JarSig.classByNameCache['java.lang.Float'] 
         JarSig.classByNameCache['double']  = JarSig.classByNameCache['java.lang.Double'] 
 
@@ -196 +248 @@
     
         
     var name = ''
-    var package = ''
+    var package = '' # ->? FlyWeight this - save some string space?
     var type = JavaType.NoType #class,interface, enum
     var superclass = ''
     var modifiers as List<of String>
     var interfaceNames as List<of String>
     var _interfaces as List<of JavaClassType> = JavaClassType.emptyClassList
+    var _nestedTypes as List<of JavaClassType> = JavaClassType.emptyClassList
 
     var _fields as List<of JavaFieldInfo> = JavaClassType._emptyFieldList   # JavaFieldInfo*
     var _props as List<of JavaFieldInfo>  = JavaClassType._emptyFieldList   # JavaFieldInfo*
@@ -262 +315 @@
 
         # header - fixed length and format; absName, type, pkg, name, superclass, interfacesList, ModifiersList
         absName  = _popTop(lines)   # absolute class name
-        CobraCore.noOp(absName)
+        #CobraCore.noOp(absName)
         branch _popTop(lines).toLower
             on 'class',     type = JavaType.JavaClass
             on 'interface', type = JavaType.JavaInterface
@@ -273 +326 @@
         isGen = name.contains('`')
         super = _popTop(lines)
         if super == '-', super = ''
-        interfaces = _parseList(_popTop(lines), [c','])
+        interfaces = _parseList(_popTop(lines))
         modifiers  = _parseList(_popTop(lines), [c' '])
-        if isGen, gParamNames = _parseList(_popTop(lines), [c','])
+        if isGen, gParamNames = _parseList(_popTop(lines))
         while true
             et = _popTop(lines)
             if et.length == 0, break
@@ -289 +342 @@
                 # procField(et, subline, field, fieldList)
                 field.modifiers = _parseList(_popTop(lines), [c' '])
                 field.typeName = _popTop(lines)
-                if type == JavaType.JavaEnum 
+                if type == JavaType.JavaEnum  and field.typeName == absName #'[pkg].[name]'
                     field.value = _popTop(lines)    
-                #field.attributes = _parseList(_popTop(lines), [c','])
+                #field.attributes = _parseList(_popTop(lines))
                 fieldList.add(field)
 
             else if et.startsWith('ctor ')
@@ -299 +352 @@
                 ctor = JavaCtorInfo()
                 ctor.name = ctorName
                 assert lines.count >= 1     
-                ctor.paramNames = _parseList(_popTop(lines), [c','])
+                ctor.paramNames = _parseList(_popTop(lines))
                 # attributes ??
                 ctorList.add(ctor)
                 
@@ -313 +366 @@
                 method.modifiers = _parseList(_popTop(lines), [c' '])
                 method.returnTypeName = _popTop(lines)
                 assert method.returnTypeName <> '-'
-                method.paramNames = _parseList(_popTop(lines), [c',']) 
-                method.throwsList = _parseList(_popTop(lines), [c',']) 
+                method.paramNames = _parseList(_popTop(lines)) 
+                method.throwsList = _parseList(_popTop(lines)) 
                 # attributes ??
                 if isVari,  method.attributes = ['IsVari']
                 methodList.add(method)
@@ -334 +387 @@
         jct._methods = methodList
         return jct
             
+    def _parseList(et as String) as List<of String> is shared
+        return _parseList(et, [c','])
+        
     def _parseList(et as String, seps as List<of char> ) as List<of String> is shared
-        if et == '-'
-            l = List<of String>()
-        else
-            l = et.split(seps.toArray).toList   
+        l = List<of String>()
+        if et == '-' 
+            return l
+        if et.contains('<')
+            start = gCnt = 0
+            for i in 0 : et.length
+                c = et[i]
+                if c == c'<', gCnt += 1
+                if c == c'>', gCnt -= 1
+                if gCnt == 0 and c in seps 
+                    l.add(et[start:i].trim)
+                    start = i+1
+            if start < et.length, l.add(et[start:].trim)
+        else    
+            a = et.split(seps.toArray)
+            for s in a, l.add(s.trim)
         return l
     
     def _popTop(content as List<of String>) as String is shared 
@@ -373 +441 @@
             
     # indexer: get<Propname> and has params  -  first param in paramList is index  (retType is Property Type)
     #     or  set<PropName> and more than value in paramList, 1st parameter is index and second is value to set.
+    # hops: this isnt goanna work - too many false positives
+    # may work to hard case Collections, Lists and special case Maps... recognise annotation for user written code
     def isIndexer(methodName as String, method as JavaMethodInfo, isSetProp) as bool is shared
         if methodName.startsWith('is')
             return false
@@ -392 +462 @@
             prop = JavaFieldInfo() # JavaPropInfo
             prop.name = propName
             prop.isProp = true
-            prop.isIndexer = .isIndexer(method.name, method, isSetProp)
+            #prop.isIndexer = .isIndexer(method.name, method, isSetProp)
+            prop.isIndexer = false  # TODO support indexers
             prop.isReadable = prop.isWritable = false
             props[propName] = prop
             propList.add(prop)  
@@ -426 +497 @@
         .interfaceNames = ifcs
         .modifiers = modifiers
     
-        _isGenericDefn = name.contains('`')  # Generic types have name suffix  `<nGenericArgs>
+        _isGenericDefn = name.contains('`')  # Defn Generic types have name suffix  `<nGenericArgs>
         
         #print '[type] [pkg].[name]'
         assert .name.length
@@ -498 +569 @@
         assert .name.contains(r'[')
     
     cue init(name as String, pkg as String, paramTypes as String)
-        """Create a Generic Instantiation Type. Like MyClass<java.Lang.String>"""
+        """
+        Create a Generic Instantiation Type. Assumes Generic Defn Type already exists
+        Like MyClass<java.Lang.String> for MyClass<T>.
+        """
         base.init
-        print 'JavaClassType.init([name])'
+        #print 'JavaClassType.init([name])'
         assert not name.contains('.')
         #assert pkg.contains('.')
         gPart = '[pkg].[name]'
-        paramList = JavaClassType._parseList(paramTypes, [c','])
-        print 'Looking for Generic Class [gPart]'
+        paramList = JavaClassType._parseList(paramTypes)
+        #print 'Looking for Generic Class [gPart]'
         genType = JarSig.lookupClass(gPart)
         assert genType.isGenericTypeDefinition
 
@@ -522 +596 @@
         _genParamNames= paramList
     
         #print '[type] [pkg].[name]'
+        # print paramList
         assert .name.length
         assert .type <> JavaType.NoType
         assert '`' in .superclass # fake parentage to the Generic Definition
         assert .package.length
+        assert genType.genericArgsCount == _genParamNames.count
     
+
     cue init(name as String, jType as JavaType, pkg as String)
         """Create a Generic Parameter Type. Like the T of MyClass<T>"""
         base.init
         assert jType == JavaType.GenericParam 
         assert not name.contains("<") and not name.contains(">")
-        assert not name.contains(".")
-        #assert name[0].isUpper # ??
         
         .name = name
         .type      = jType
@@ -551 +626 @@
         assert .type <> JavaType.NoType
         assert 'Object' in .superclass 
         assert .package.length
-        
+    
+    def copy( name as String, package as String) as JavaClassType
+        c = .memberwiseClone to JavaClassType
+        c.name = name
+        c.package = package
+        return c
 
     #pro name from var 
     #pro package from var
@@ -561 +641 @@
         """package and name"""
         assert .name.length
         return if(.package.length, '[.package].[.name]', .name)
-
+        
+    get packageAsCobra as String
+        """ package name in Cobra Form - i.e each element Capitalized"""
+        # cache this map in a class var rather than recalc each time
+        parts = .package.split(c'.')
+        cobraParts = List<of String>()
+        for p in parts
+            cobraParts.add(p.capitalized)
+        return cobraParts.join('.')
+    
     get isClass as bool
         return .type == JavaType.JavaClass
         
@@ -575 +664 @@
         #return .flags.contains('N')
         return .name.contains('$')  and not .name.startsWith('$') # temporary hack
     
+    def addNestedType(type as JavaClassType)
+        if _nestedTypes == JavaClassType.emptyClassList
+            _nestedTypes = List<of JavaClassType>()
+        _nestedTypes.add(type)  
+            
+    def getNestedTypes as JavaClassType* #List<of JavaClassType>
+        return _nestedTypes
+        
     get declaringType as JavaClassType?
         if .isNested
             assert .name.contains('$')
-            declName = .name.beforeL('$')
-            #idx = .name.indexOf('$') 
-            #declName = .name[:idx] 
-            trace declName
-            # return JarSig.classByNameCache[declName]
-            return JarSig.lookupClass(declName)
+            lidx = .canonicalName.lastIndexOf('$')
+            declName = .canonicalName[:lidx]
+            #trace .canonicalName, declName
+            if  JarSig.classByNameCache.containsKey(declName)
+                return JarSig.lookupClass(declName)
         return nil
         
+    get nestedName as String
+        require .isNested
+        assert .name.contains('$')
+        lidx = .canonicalName.lastIndexOf('$')
+        nestName = .canonicalName[lidx+1:]
+        #trace .canonicalName, declName
+        return nestName
+        
     get isPublic
         return .modifiers.contains('public')
     get isProtected
@@ -607 +711 @@
         #return  JvmNativeType(_type.getSuperClass)
         if JarSig.classByNameCache.containsKey(.superclass)
             return JarSig.lookupClass(.superclass)
-            #return JarSig.classByNameCache[.superclass]
         else 
-            #return JarSig.classByNameCache['java.lang.Object']
             return JarSig.lookupClass('java.lang.Object')
             # e.g. Abstract base classes with default access - java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder  
         #else 
@@ -620 +722 @@
     get isValueType as bool
         return false    # TODO true for unboxed primitives...
 
-    # TODO hops array handling
     get isArray as bool
         return _isArray 
 
     get arrayComponentType as JavaClassType?
         #if not .isArray, return nil
         assert .isArray
-        print 'JavaClassType Array support NYI [.canonicalName]'
         return _arrayComponentType
 
     get arrayDimension as int
@@ -635 +735 @@
         assert _arrayDimension > 0
         return _arrayDimension
     
-    # TODO hops Generics handling
-    # Two forms of Generic Types: Definition ( MyClass<T>) and Instantiation ( MyClass<java.lang.String>)
+    # Three forms of Generic Types: Definition ( MyClass<T>) and Instantiation ( MyClass<java.lang.String>) and Param ( T, java.lang.String)
     # In java with runtime generic Type instantiation all we see from the jarfile directly are definitions (:-(
     # Walking the classes and getting the class(names) referenced (params, intefaces, returnTypes,...)
     # gives us the names of the instantiations which we synthesize as Types or Params for our purposes...
-
+    # or at least thats the plan
     get isGenericType as bool
-        return _isGenericDefn or _isGenericInst or _isGenericParam
+        return _isGenericDefn or _isGenericInst #or _isGenericParam
         
     get genericArgsCount as int
         assert .isGenericType
@@ -659 +758 @@
     get isGenericParameter as bool 
         """
         assumes generic parameters are instantiated as Types.
-        Things like T,U,E,.. - basically simple names not package specified - probably 1 Upcase char 
+        Things like T,U,E,.. - basically simple names  
+        or qualified name       java.lang.String
+        or bounded (possibly wildcard) type  - ? extends Type, T super Type , T extends Type
         """
         return _isGenericParam
     
     get isGenericTypeDefinition as bool
         """ 
-        Can use this generic type to create new types if this type is a template form.
+        Can use this generic type to create new types if this type is a template/Defn form.
         e.g myClass<T, U> defn allows creating new type like MyClass<String, int>
+        myClass<T, U> is a generic definition
+        new type like MyClass<String, int> is a generic instance
+        T,U and String, int  are their respective generic params
         """
         assert  .isGenericType
         return _isGenericDefn
             
     def getGenericArguments as JavaClassType* #List<of JavaClassType>
         assert .genericArgsCount
-        if false # tmp pending jarSig gen and loading of generic args list
-            assert _genParamNames.count
+        assert _genParamNames.count
         if _genParamNames.count and not _genParams.count 
             _genParams = JavaClassType.genClassTypeList(_genParamNames) 
         return _genParams
@@ -753 +856 @@
             print prop
         
     def dumpIndexers
-        assert false, 'Indexers NYI'
+        assert false, 'dump Indexers NYI'
     
 class JavaMemberInfo
     var name = ''   
@@ -817 +920 @@
     get type as JavaClassType
         assert .typeName.length
         if .typeName.length and not _type
-            #_type = JarSig.classByNameCache[.typeName]
             _type = JarSig.lookupClass(.typeName)
         return _type to !   
 
@@ -892 +994 @@
     def returnType as JavaClassType?
         if not .returnTypeName.length
             return nil
-        #return JarSig.classByNameCache[.returnTypeName]
         return JarSig.lookupClass(.returnTypeName)
 
     def getGenericArguments as List<of JavaClassType>
-        return JavaClassType.emptyClassList # TODO: support generics
+        #print 'TODO getGenArgs on method [.name]'
+        return JavaClassType.emptyClassList # TODO: support generics on Method
                 
     def toString as String is override
         nampar = base.toString

Source/BackEndJvm/JvmType.cobra

@@ -5 +5 @@
 
 class JvmNativeType inherits NativeType
 
-    var _type as JavaClassType
-    #var _type as java.lang.Class
+    var _type as JavaClassType # java.lang.Class eventually
+    var nestedName as String?
     
-    #cue init(type as java.lang.Class)
     cue init(type as JavaClassType)
         base.init
         _type = type
@@ -28 +27 @@
         return _type
 
     get name as String is override
-        #return _type.getSimpleName
-        return _type.name
+        return .nestedName ? _type.name
 
     get fullName as String is override
         return _type.canonicalName
@@ -146 +144 @@
             return .typeProvider.arrayType(_realTypeWithCache(jvmType.arrayComponentType to !))
         else if jvmType.isNested and not jvmType.isGenericParameter
             declaringType = _realTypeWithCache(jvmType.declaringType to !)
-            potential = declaringType.memberForName(jvmType.name)
+            cobraTypeName = .cobraNameForJvmBoxName(jvmType.nestedName)
+            potential = declaringType.memberForName(cobraTypeName)   #(jvmType.name)
             if potential is nil
-                .throwError('Cannot locate nested Jvm type "[jvmType]" (simple name is "[jvmType.name]").')
+                (declaringType to dynamic).dumpDeclNames
+                .throwError('JvmType: Cannot locate nested Jvm type "[jvmType]" (simple name is "[jvmType.name], cobraName is [cobraTypeName]").')
             else if potential inherits IType
                 return potential
             else
-                .throwError('Located Jvm type spec "[jvmType]" but got a [potential.englishName] instead of a type.')
+                .throwError('JvmType:Located Jvm type spec "[jvmType]" but got a [potential.englishName] instead of a type.')
 
         # generic parameters
         if jvmType.isGenericParameter
@@ -162 +162 @@
         missing = false
         curNS = _computeNameSpace(jvmType, level, out missing)
         if missing
-            .throwError('Cannot find Jvm type "[jvmType.canonicalName]"  in package "[jvmType.package]".')
+            .throwError('JvmType: Cannot find Jvm type "[jvmType.canonicalName]"  in package "[jvmType.package]".')
             # since the type exists, but cannot be located in our namespaces,
             # it must be pulled from a dependent DLL that was not directly referenced
             # but maybe it was already attempted
@@ -179 +179 @@
                     # So we have something like ICollection<of KeyValuePair<of TKey,TValue>> which is all Generic types.
                     # We need the Cobra types of those args so we can construct the Cobra type from the generic cobra type
                     # otherwise, we would just end up returning the generic definition.
-                    print 'Dbg: JvmType.realTypeWithoutCache generic type [jvmType.canonicalName] [member.name].'
-                    #.throwError('TODO support for Generic Types in JvmType _realTypeWithoutCache')
-                    #member = _typeForArgsOfGeneric(jvmType, member)
+                    #print 'Dbg: JvmType.realTypeWithoutCache generic type [jvmType.canonicalName] [member.name].'
+                    member = _typeForJvmArgsOfGeneric(jvmType, member)
             return member
         else
             print '[typeName] not in [curNS.name] declsforName'
-            msg = 'Cannot locate jvm type "[jvmType]".'
+            #curNS.dumpDeclNames
+            msg = 'JvmType: Cannot locate jvm type "[jvmType]".'
             if jvmType.package.length and jvmType.package.startsWith('java.lang')
                 if .compiler and .compiler.verbosity > 1, print msg
                 # TODO: .compiler.warning(msg)
@@ -219 +219 @@
             assert r'[' not in typeName
             typeName = .cobraNameForJvmType(jvmType)
         else if not typeName[typeName.length-1].isLetterOrDigit
-            .throwError('Cannot locate JVM type "[jvmType.canonicalName]".')
+            .throwError('JvmType: Cannot locate JVM type "[jvmType.canonicalName]".')
         return typeName
 
     def _computeNameSpace(jvmType as JavaClassType, level as int, missing as out bool) as NameSpace
         missing = false
         if not jvmType.package.length, return .compiler.globalNS
-        nameParts = jvmType.package.split(c'.')
+        nameParts = jvmType.packageAsCobra.split(c'.')
         member = .compiler.globalNS.symbolForName(nameParts[0])
         if member inherits NameSpace, curNS = member
         else, missing = true
@@ -240 +240 @@
                 else if possible inherits NameSpace
                     curNS = possible
                 else
-                    .throwError('Found "[namePart]" at component [i+1] of JVM type "[jvmType.canonicalName]", but it is a [possible.englishName].')
+                    .throwError('JvmType: Found "[namePart]" at component [i+1] of JVM type "[jvmType.canonicalName]", but it is a [possible.englishName].')
                 i += 1
         return curNS    
 
@@ -257 +257 @@
             member = boxMember.constructedTypeFor(args)
         return member   
 #/
-    def _typeForArgsOfGeneric(jvmType as JavaClassType, member as IType) as IType
+    def _typeForJvmArgsOfGeneric(jvmType as JavaClassType, member as IType) as IType
         args = List<of IType>()
         for genArg in jvmType.getGenericArguments
             args.add(_realTypeWithCache(genArg))
         boxMember = member to Box
+        #trace jvmType, boxMember, args
         member = boxMember.constructedTypeFor(args)
         return member   
         

Source/BackEndJvm/to-do.text

@@ -3 +3 @@
 include-tests:no - remove Test invocation call
 
 
+_fixNativeMethods - static method entries on box instance
+
+
 fixup Object namespace for X-compile so items like System.Object are rooted off
 java.lang namespace ( rather than .Net system)
     DONE  June-2011
@@ -19 +22 @@
 cobra namespaces capitalized (as .Net) Java all lowercase
     - convert namespaces in java code to lowcase
     DONE 31-Jan-2011
+    Unworkable  Jul-2011 - cobra assumptions in code
+    Change to cobra casing  8-Jul-2011
     
 
 java names lowcase 
     method Names  - DONE 31-Jan-2011
     var names - DONE 31-Jan-2011, corrected 10-Feb-2011 BoxField._backendName -> BoxField.{sharp,java}BackEndName
+    properties
     params
     events
     local variables
@@ -42 +48 @@
             <indexedT> getIndexer<T, indexedT>(T) and 
                        setIndexer<T, indexedT>(T, indexedT)
       DONE 
-                       
+       
+     codegen for props: 'propName' -> getPropName  and setPropName
+
+    AutoMap map indexers '[]' to methods X.get(idx) v = X[idx] , X.set(idx,val) and X.put(idx,val) -> X[idx] = val
+        - unworkable - too many false positives
+            
+Handling of indexing '[]' on Maps and Lists
+                x[i]=v :  map: x.put(i,v)     list: x.set(i,v) 
+                v = x[i]: map: v = map.get(i) list: v = list.get(i)
 Events
     - auto add boiler plate for listener (de)registration
         - event firing
@@ -63 +77 @@
 to the generating cobra code line.
   - start with just spew the javac lines to output
     - assemble into ErrorMessage Line and 'supporting lines associated with it - keeps error line count in sync
-    
+    DONE
 
 
 single file:
@@ -78 +92 @@
     Leave jar file at root of hierarchy
     
 
-ensure support ( as builtin alternative) for jikes compiler.
-        https://sourceforge.net/projects/jikes/files/Jikes/    
-
-
 add synonym for sharp''/sharp"" -> java''/java""
-    or general be''/be"" (for backend)
+    or general be''/be""/backend'' (for backend)
 
 
 see http://www.25hoursaday.com/CsharpVsJava.html
@@ -95 +105 @@
     In Java, the same effect is achieved by appending the string "..." to the typename of the last argument to the method.
     
 Attributes
-    C# extend Atttribute - metainfo also ([AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class)])
+    C# extend Attribute - metainfo also ([AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class)])
     java specify with @interface and Metainfo 
         e.g @Documented //we want the annotation to show up in the Javadocs 
             @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME))
@@ -116 +126 @@
         x = xRef
         // use x here
 
+    Or
+        in call wrap arg in a SoftRef (or make own version HardRef subclass j.l.ref.Reference)
+        Chg param to be a SoftRef to the arg passed (e.g. 'arg_Ref')
+        In the method pull it out from the softref as a local name ('arg')
+    
 
-Cobra backend targetting stab language (explicitly) ??
-    backend 'stab-jvm'
+Add new compiler directive
+ @platform portable|jvm|clr|objc
+ 
+ Where down the road, portable would be the default and would have its
+ own libs (which would need impls for each of the other supported
+ platforms). For now the default will be clr, obviously.
+ 
+ And then possibly rename -back-end to -platform.
 
-
 Decimal Type
     Initially wrap it as new type thats is a Double with an associated DecimalFormatter
     (giving same precision as .Net).
     Calcs are all as doubles, toString uses formatter...
      still get rounding error etc...
      Decimal Type internally and emit as BigDecimal, trap math ops and map
+    -> try and use BigDecimal and convert all calls (:-(
 
     Maybe easier to just default to Integer and ignore Decimal (initially)
 
@@ -150 +171 @@
         static String[] readAllLines(String path)
         static IEnumerable<of String> readLines(String path)
 
+    Instead use google collections/Guava
+        - support for List, Set and Map literals
+        - Simple file reading API
 
+ensure support ( as builtin alternative) for jikes compiler.
+        https://sourceforge.net/projects/jikes/files/Jikes/    
+
+Cobra backend targetting stab language (explicitly) ??
+    backend 'stab-jvm'
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+= Decisions =
+
+Look for and use java and javax in path.
+    - verify version >= 1.6
+    
+Loading external jars
+    Rely on jar or Package PkgSig files for description of Class publicly accessible contents
+        Structure so can revisit later (IKVM) if need be 
+    PkgSig tool for generating pkgSig files
+  
+    start: explicitly load rtl jar up front (rt.jar.sig cf mscorlib.dll) 
+        - but vv big, contents mostly unused
+    ->  chg to load packages separately (separate pkgsig files)
+            initial default
+                java.lang
+                java.io
+                java.util
+                java.text
+                cobra.lang      
+        smaller + faster ??
+ 
+Java Source
+   Turn Cobra source file into Java Source file named per first class in file.
+        - possible issues with multiple public classes ( javac warn-and-quit)
+   -> Cobra Source file into Java Source files one for each class
+        -> place all generated java source in own (sub) dir ( ./java)
+
+Running Generated/compiled classfiles
+    Assume compiled classfiles in same cwd as cobra source, 
+        - run java specifying -cp . so java can find rest of classfiles (if >1)
+             ( java -cp '.;<otherRefs...>' AppMainClass args....)    
+    -> roll all generated source into own jar file ( cf .Net exe) with autogen manifest describing main class
+        - run with classpath specifying name of jarfile
+             ( java -cp '<otherRefs...>' -jar App.jar args....)    
+       
+
+Namespaces:
+    0: namespaces low cased in cobra-jvm as per java.
+        Unworkable with Cobra assumptions 
+    Change to CapCase as per cobra-clr
+        translate case on jar load (in) and JavaGeneration (out)
+
+Testing
+    Implement Test support i/fstructure
+    Add new 'require' forms so can wire tests clr or jvm
+    
+Passthrough to BackEnd
+    ensure java Native modules compile
+    -> support determination of main class/method on pure java modules
+
+    Syntax - support sharp'' as currently
+    add additional:
+         be'' or backEnd'' for any others/more, deprecate sharp''
+
+Indexes '[]'
+    0:autodetect from method sig
+        - Unworkable, too many false positives
+    -> Wire Maps/Lists/... - is that sufficient?
+        
+    -> For default packages generate fm internal description as per fixNilable
+        may need to expose this data structure for augmentation?
+            - allow faked/added attrib placed in pkgsig file.
+
+
+Vari params
+    Use java vari args
+
+In and Inout parameters
+    Inline wrap and post call unwrap - Invent java RefType class
+    Use java SoftRef as Param, pack and unpack in call/callee
+        
+Decimal support
+    0: Treat default as Integer, map explicit decimal to float
+    
+
+Delegates 
+
+Events
+    wot to do
+
+
+Exception Adaption
+    ? See if can get any clever hack working as detailed below
+    ? JavaGenerater auto wrap with try/catch exception block at place of use
+        probably unworkable for deeply embedded expressions
+    ->? make call to individual adaptor that does wrapping, 
+        autogenerate the adaptor on demand
+        ( see if can cobble a genera adaptor that does wrapping and pass ref
+            to method and args to it ... Dynamic Delegate??)
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 = Issues =
 
+
+RTL name mangling
+
+
 How support yield and conversion to enumerator/iterator?
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 

Source/BackEndJvm/ScanJvmType.cobra

@@ -2 +2 @@
 
 class Compiler is partial
 
-    #var _didLoadJars = Set<of String>()
-
     var _didReadJars = Set<of String>()
     
-    var _jvmTypeToType = Dictionary<of JavaClassType, IType>()
+    var _jvmTypeToIType = Dictionary<of JavaClassType, IType>()
     
     var _jvmTypeCache = Dictionary<of String, JavaClassType>()
     
@@ -111 +109 @@
         namespaceQualNameToNameSpaceObject = Dictionary<of String, NameSpace>()
         module = AssemblyModule(jSig.location, .globalNS)
         saveModule, _curModule = _curModule, module
+        nestedTypes = List<of JavaClassType>()
         try
             _modules.add(module)
-            for type in jSig.getExportedTypes
-                if type.isNested #or type.declaringType
-                    # these will be scanned by Box._scanNestedTypes
-                    # print '### skipping [type.name] in [type.namespace]. isNested=[type.isNested], declaringType=[type.declaringType]'
+            for jvmType in jSig.getExportedTypes
+                if jvmType.isNested #or jvmType.declaringType
+                    nestedTypes.add(jvmType)
                     continue
-                typeNamespace = type.package
+                typeNamespace = jvmType.packageAsCobra  #Capitalized
                 if typeNamespace.length == 0
                     # happens for classes etc. that are not declared in a namespace
                     curNameSpace = module.topNameSpace
@@ -133 +131 @@
                             assert not curNameSpace.isUnified
                         namespaceQualNameToNameSpaceObject[namespaceName] = curNameSpace
                 if verbosity >= 4
-                    print '  Reading type [type.name] in namespace "[namespaceName]"'
-                jvmType = JvmNativeType(type)
-                if curNameSpace.unifiedNameSpace.declForName(jvmType.name)
-                    .warning(CobraWarning('Already have declaration "[jvmType.name]" in namespace "[curNameSpace.fullName]".'))
+                    print '  Reading type [jvmType.name] in namespace "[namespaceName]"'
+                jvmNative = JvmNativeType(jvmType)
+                if curNameSpace.unifiedNameSpace.declForName(jvmNative.name)
+                    .warning(CobraWarning('Already have declaration "[jvmNative.name]" in namespace "[curNameSpace.fullName]".'))
                 else
-                    if type.isClass
-                        if type.name.startsWith('Extend_') and type.name.count(c'_') >= 2
+                    if jvmType.isClass
+                        if jvmType.name.startsWith('Extend_') and jvmType.name.count(c'_') >= 2
                             # e.g.Extend_String - TODO 
-                            curNameSpace.addDecl(Extension(jvmType, .backEnd))
+                            curNameSpace.addDecl(Extension(jvmNative, .backEnd))
                         else
-                            curNameSpace.addDecl(Class(jvmType, .backEnd))
-                    else if type.isInterface
-                        curNameSpace.addDecl(Interface(jvmType, .backEnd))
-                    else if type.isEnum
-                        #print jvmType.name
-                        curNameSpace.addDecl(EnumDecl(curNameSpace, jvmType, type.modifiers, ''))  # TODO: isNames; docString?
-                    else if type.isValueType
-                        curNameSpace.addDecl(Struct(jvmType, .backEnd))
+                            curNameSpace.addDecl(Class(jvmNative, .backEnd))
+                    else if jvmType.isInterface
+                        curNameSpace.addDecl(Interface(jvmNative, .backEnd))
+                    else if jvmType.isEnum
+                        curNameSpace.addDecl(EnumDecl(curNameSpace, jvmNative, jvmType.modifiers, ''))  # TODO: isNames; docString?
+                    else if jvmType.isValueType
+                        curNameSpace.addDecl(Struct(jvmNative, .backEnd))
                     else
-                        throw FallThroughException(type)
+                        throw FallThroughException(jvmType)
         finally
+            if nestedTypes.count
+                _setNestedTypes(nestedTypes)# store nestedTypes in parenting type.
             _curModule = saveModule
-
+            
+    def _setNestedTypes(nestedTypes as List<of JavaClassType>)
+        for nt in nestedTypes
+            enclType =  nt.declaringType
+            if enclType 
+                # Hack below suppressing adding nested classes in java.lang Character. (or any Primitive)
+                # boxes.baseBind on primitives with nested classes dies due call fm bindh
+                # and memberName lookup needs .didBindInt - doesnt happen in CLR. (FIXME)
+                if enclType.canonicalName <> 'java.lang.Character' 
+                    enclType.addNestedType(nt)
+                    #if enclType.isInterface, print 'EnclINTERFACE [enclType.canonicalName] [nt.name]'
+            else
+                if .verbosity >= 3, print 'NO class found for enclosing class of nested class [nt.canonicalName]'
+                # just ignore/drop any nested class cant find parent for
+                    
+                        
     def jvmFixNilableMemberSigs
+        # fix the listed members below to be non Nilable
+        # called from bindInterface phase so this can only refer to top level Classes in a package.
         # TODO: this really needs to go in a separate file that the compiler reads each time
 
         # fix up member sigs regarding methods returning nilable values
         # hard coded below. TODO: read from a Cobra config file
         # _fix is defined in ScanClrType
     
-        # These are just reflected over from the .Net ones since I dont know what the basis for inclusion is/was
+        # Included by comparison from .Net ones and examination of javaDoc - INCOMPLETE
         
-        _fix('java.lang.Object', 'toString getClass clone')
+        _fix('Java.Lang.Object', 'toString getClass clone')
             # ^ regarding .toString, not technically true, but common enough and life is too painful when the return type is nilable
         #_fix('java.lang.System', 'out') #stdout
-        _fix('java.lang.String', 'padLeft padRight remove replace substring toLower toUpper trim')
+        _fix('Java.Lang.String', 'concat remove replace replaceAll replaceFirst substring toLowerCase toUpperCase trim format')
         #_fix('System.Type', 'assembly name toString')
             # namespace can return nil if the Type is a generic parameter
         #_fix('System.Environment', 'commandLine currentDirectory newLine version')
-        _fix('java.lang.Exception', 'message')
+        _fix('Java.Lang.Exception', 'message')
+        #_fix('java.util.Enumeration<of>', r'getNext')
+        _fix('Java.Lang.Iterable<of>', r'iterator')
+        _fix('Java.Util.Iterator<of>', r'next')
+        _fix('Java.Util.ListIterator<of>', r'next previous')
+        _fix('Java.Util.Collection<of>', r'toArray')
         #_fix('System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<of>', r'getEnumerator')
-        #_fix('java.util.Enumeration<of>', r'getNext')
-        _fix('java.util.Iterator<of>', r'next')
-        _fix('java.util.ListIterator<of>', r'next previous')
-        _fix('java.util.Collection<of>', r'toArray')
-        
+    
+        # work out what doing with indexor and apply to []
         #_fix('System.Collections.Generic.List<of>', r'[]')
-        _fix('java.util.List<of>', r'[] get set remove')
-        _fix('java.util.AbstractList<of>', r'[] get set remove')
-        _fix('java.util.AbstractSequentialList<of>', r'[] get set remove')
-        _fix('java.util.ArrayList<of>', r'[] get set remove')
-        #_fix('java.util.CopyOnWriteArrayList<of>', r'[] get set remove')
-        #_fix('java.util.LinkedList<of>', r'[] get set remove element getFirst getLast peek peekFirst peekLast poll pollFirst pollLast pop removeFirst removeLast')
-        #_fix('java.util.Vector<of>', r'[] get set elementAt firstElement lastElement remove')
-        #_fix('java.util.Stack<of>', r'[] peek pop push')
+        _fix('Java.Util.List<of>', r'[] get set remove')
+        _fix('Java.Util.AbstractList<of>', r'[] get set remove')
+        _fix('Java.Util.AbstractSequentialList<of>', r'[] get set remove')
+        _fix('Java.Util.ArrayList<of>', r'[] get set remove')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.CopyOnWriteArrayList<of>', r'[] get set remove')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.LinkedList<of>', r'[] get set remove element getFirst getLast peek peekFirst peekLast poll pollFirst pollLast pop removeFirst removeLast')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.Vector<of>', r'[] get set elementAt firstElement lastElement remove')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.Stack<of>', r'[] peek pop push')
         
         #_fix('System.Collections.Generic.IDictionary<of,>', r'[] keys values')
-        _fix('java.util.Map<of,>', r'[] get')
+        _fix('Java.Util.Map<of,>', r'[] get')
         #    _fix('System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<of,>', r'[]')
-        _fix('java.util.AbstractMap<of,>', r'[] get')
-        _fix('java.util.HashMap<of,>', r'[] get')
-        #_fix('java.util.ConcurrentHashMap<of,>', r'[] get')
-        #_fix('java.util.ConcurrentSkipListHashMap<of,>', r'[] get')
-        #_fix('java.util.EnumMap<of,>', r'[] get')
-        #_fix('java.util.IdentityHash<of,>', r'[] get')
-        #_fix('java.util.TreeMap<of,>', r'[] get')
-        #_fix('java.util.WeakHashMap<of,>', r'[] get')
-        _fix('java.util.Map.Entry<of,>', r'getKey getValue')
-        #_fix('java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<of,>', r'getKey getValue')
-        #_fix('java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<of,>', r'getKey getValue')
+        _fix('Java.Util.AbstractMap<of,>', r'[] get')
+        _fix('Java.Util.HashMap<of,>', r'[] get')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.ConcurrentHashMap<of,>', r'[] get')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.ConcurrentSkipListHashMap<of,>', r'[] get')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.EnumMap<of,>', r'[] get')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.IdentityHash<of,>', r'[] get')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.TreeMap<of,>', r'[] get')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.WeakHashMap<of,>', r'[] get')
+        _fix('Java.Util.Map.Entry<of,>', r'getKey getValue')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<of,>', r'getKey getValue')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<of,>', r'getKey getValue')
+        #_fix('Java.Util.Properties', r'getProperty')
         
         #_fix('System.IO.File', 'create createText open openRead openText openWrite readAllBytes readAllLines readAllText')
-        #_fix('java.io.File', 'create createText open openRead openText openWrite readAllBytes readAllLines readAllText')
+        _fix('Java.Io.File', 'create createText open openRead openText openWrite readAllBytes readAllLines readAllText getPath getAbsolutePath')
+        ##_fixFields('Java.Io.File', 'pathSeparator separator pathSeparatorChar seperatorChar') # TODO
         #_fix('System.IO.FileSystemInfo', 'name fullName')
         #_fix('System.IO.TextWriter', 'newLine')
         #_fix('System.IO.Path', 'combine getFullPath')
         #   combine = File(strA, strB).getPath(), getFullPath = File().getAbsolutePath()
         #_fix('java.lang.StringBuilder', 'toString') # ??
-        _fix('java.lang.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex', 'match replace')
-        _fix('System.Diagnostics.Process', 'processName')
+        #_fix('java.lang.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex', 'match replace')
+        #_fix('System.Diagnostics.Process', 'processName')
+        _fix('java.util.regex.Pattern', 'matches matcher pattern split compile')
+        _fix('java.util.regex.Matcher', 'group pattern replaceAll replaceFirst')
+        _fix('java.lang.ProcessBuilder', 'command start directory')
+        #_fix('java.lang.Process', 'getInputStream getOutputStream getErrorStream')
         
-        _fix('System.Reflection.Assembly', 'getEntryAssembly getExecutingAssembly location')
-        _fix('System.Reflection.MemberInfo', 'name')
-        _fix('System.Reflection.FieldInfo', 'fieldType')
-        _fix('System.Reflection.ParameterInfo', 'parameterType')
-        _fix('System.Reflection.PropertyInfo', 'propertyType')
+        #_fix('System.Reflection.Assembly', 'getEntryAssembly getExecutingAssembly location')
+        #_fix('System.Reflection.MemberInfo', 'name')
+        #_fix('System.Reflection.FieldInfo', 'fieldType')
+        #_fix('System.Reflection.ParameterInfo', 'parameterType')
+        #_fix('System.Reflection.PropertyInfo', 'propertyType')
 
-        # TODO: shouldn't need the following. see comment in _fixSubs
-        #_fix('System.IO.StringWriter', 'toString')
-
-    
         
     #
     # Jvm Type Cache
@@ -233 +253 @@
         Returns the Cobra type for a Java type if the Java type was previously scanned.
         i.e this is access to the Java Type/Class cache.
         """
-        return if(_jvmTypeToType.containsKey(jvmType), _jvmTypeToType[jvmType], nil)
+        return if(_jvmTypeToIType.containsKey(jvmType), _jvmTypeToIType[jvmType], nil)
 
     def addTypeForJvmType(type as IType, jvmType as JavaClassType)
         require .typeForJvmType(jvmType) in [nil, type]
-        _jvmTypeToType[jvmType] = type
+        _jvmTypeToIType[jvmType] = type
         
     def jvmTypeByName(qualifiedName as String) as JavaClassType
         """
-        Obtain the Jvm Type given by the fully qualified (cobra) name.
+        Obtain the Jvm Type (JavaClassType) given by the fully qualified (cobra) name.
         """
         t as JavaClassType?
         _jvmTypeCache.tryGetValue(qualifiedName, out t)
         if t is nil
-            # TODO - lookup the JavaClassType by name.
-            t = JarSig.classByNameCache[qualifiedName]
+            # lookup the JavaClassType by name.
+            t = JarSig.lookupClassByCobraName(qualifiedName)
             _jvmTypeCache[qualifiedName] = t to passthrough  # "to passthrough" instead of "to !" to avoid non-nil check
         return t to passthrough
     
     
     def installJvmNativeMethods(box as Box, nativeType as NativeType) 
-        print '++ TODO scanJvmType.installJvmNativeMethods'
+        """Install entries for native static methods on box instances."""
+        pass
+        #print '++ TODO scanJvmType.installJvmNativeMethods'
 /#
         meths = List<of Method>()
         _installClrNativeMethodsFrom('System', nativeType, nativeType, box, meths)
@@ -297 +319 @@
         return (.nativeType to JvmNativeType).backEndType
 
     def isJvmSystemExceptionClass as bool
-        return .name == 'Exception' and .parentNameSpace and .parentNameSpace.fullName == 'java.lang'
+        return .name == 'Exception' and .parentNameSpace and .parentNameSpace.fullName == 'Java.Lang'
 
-    def _scanNativeTypeJvm
+    def prepSystemObjectClassJvm
+        # TODO chk thats this has desired result.
+        # map method getType to java getClass
+        # C#'s typeof(X) is X.getType in Cobra.
+        #existing = .declForName('getClass') to BoxMember
+        #overload = MemberOverload(existing)
+        #.registerOverload(overload)
+        meth = Method(TokenFix.empty, TokenFix.empty, this, 'getType', List<of Param>(), .compiler.typeTypeProxy, nil, ['shared'], AttributeList(), 'Returns the Type instance that defines this type.')
+        meth.sharedMethodBacking = 'getClass' 
+        #meth.sharedMethodBackingIsAlias = true # not static
+        #overload.addMember(meth)
+        .addDecl(meth)
+                
+    def scanNativeTypeJvm
         """
         Subclasses should invoke base and then invoke the various _scanXXX methods that are appropriate for them.
         """
@@ -307 +342 @@
         _needScanNativeType = false
         # print '<> _scanNativeType for [.name] in [_parentNameSpace.fullName], class is [.getType.name]'
         
-    def _scanGenericArgsJvm
+    def scanGenericArgsJvm
+        #print 'scanGenericArgsJvm [.name] [_jvmType.isGenericType]'
         if _jvmType.isGenericType
             for genArg in _jvmType.getGenericArguments
                 t = (.compiler to Compiler).typeForJvmType(genArg)
@@ -315 +351 @@
                     t = GenericParam(JvmNativeType(genArg), parentDefinition=this)
                     (.compiler to Compiler).addTypeForJvmType(t to !, genArg)
                 _genericParams.add(t)
+            #print 'scanGenericArgsJvm', .nameWithGenericParams # _genericParams
                 
-    def _prepSystemObjectClassJvm
-        # map method getType to java getClass
-        # C#'s typeof(X) is X.getType in Cobra.
-        #existing = .declForName('getClass') to BoxMember
-        #overload = MemberOverload(existing)
-        #.registerOverload(overload)
-        meth = Method(TokenFix.empty, TokenFix.empty, this, 'getType', List<of Param>(), .compiler.typeTypeProxy, nil, ['shared'], AttributeList(), 'Returns the Type instance that defines this type.')
-        meth.sharedMethodBacking = 'getClass' 
-        #meth.sharedMethodBackingIsAlias = true # not static
-        #overload.addMember(meth)
-        .addDecl(meth)
-                
     def _scanJvmIsNames
         # TODO
         _isNames.add('extern')  # to make the box like the ones that were in SystemInterfaces.cobra
@@ -337 +362 @@
             if not _badJvmRelatedType(interf)
                 _baseInterfaceProxies.add(JvmTypeProxy(interf))
 
-/#
     def _scanJvmNestedTypes
-        # TODO: enable and fix resulting bugs
-        # for type in .clrType.getNestedTypes(BindingFlags(Instance, Static, DeclaredOnly, Public, NonPublic))
         for type in _jvmType.getNestedTypes
-            _scanJvmNestedType(type)
-        #for type in _clrType.getNestedTypes(BindingFlags(Static, DeclaredOnly, NonPublic))
-        for type in _jvmType.getNestedTypes
-            if type.isEnum and not type.isPublic
-                _scanJvmNestedType(type)
+            assert type.isNested
+            nativeType = JvmNativeType(type)
+            nativeType.nestedName = nativeType.name.after('$')
+            if type.isClass
+                .addDecl(Class(nativeType, .compiler.backEnd))
+            else if type.isInterface
+                .addDecl(Interface(nativeType, .compiler.backEnd))
+            else if type.isEnum
+                .addDecl(EnumDecl(this, nativeType)) 
+            else
+                throw FallThroughException(type)
+        if .declsInOrder.count
+            lastDecl = .declsInOrder[.declsInOrder.count-1] to dynamic
+            if (lastDecl to Object).getType.getProperty('ParentBox')  # CC: if lastDecl responds to (get parentBox as Box?)
+                lastDecl.parentBox = this
 
-    def _scanJvmNestedType(type as JavaClassType)
-        nativeType = JvmNativeType(type)
-        if type.isClass
-            .addDecl(Class(nativeType, .compiler.backEnd))
-        else if type.isInterface
-            .addDecl(Interface(nativeType, .compiler.backEnd))
-        else if type.isEnum
-            isNames = List<of String>()
-            docString =''
-            .addDecl(EnumDecl(this, nativeType, isNames, docString))  # TODO: isNames; docString?
-        #else if type.isValueType
-        #   .addDecl(Struct(clrType, .compiler.backEnd))
-        #else if type.isAnsiClass
-        #   # The Enum class is an example that returns false for .isClass but true for .isAnsiClass
-        #   .addDecl(Class(clrType, .compiler.backEnd))
-        else
-            throw FallThroughException(type)
-        lastDecl = .declsInOrder[.declsInOrder.count-1] to dynamic
-        if (lastDecl to Object).getType.getProperty('ParentBox')  # CC: if lastDecl responds to (get parentBox as Box?)
-            lastDecl.parentBox = this
-            
-#/
 
     def _scanJvmFields
         for fieldInfo in _jvmType.getFields
@@ -462 +472 @@
             if propInfo.isWritable
                 prop.makeSetPart(TokenFix.empty)
             if _declsByName.containsKey(prop.name) # for            # Double.naN
-                print 'DUP name already exists already for property [prop.name]', _declsByName[prop.name], prop
-                return # just drop the property, field or  method still available
+                print 'DUP name exists already for property "[prop.name]" on', /#_declsByName[prop.name],#/ .name
+                return # just drop the property; field or method still available
             .addDecl(prop)
 
 
@@ -493 +503 @@
                 .registerOverload(overload to !)
             else
                 throw FallThroughException([this, indexer, other])
+        #print 'Dbg: add IDXR [_jvmType.name][indexer.name] [propInfo.name]'
         if overload
             overload.addMember(indexer)
         else
@@ -601 +612 @@
         """
         if t is nil 
             return false
-
         if t.isNested and not (t.isPublic or t.isProtected)and not t.isGenericParameter  # TODO: need the generic param check?
             print 'Type t.name is nested and not public,protected'
             return true
-
-        # FYI: MS .NET 2.0 (but not Mono 1.2.6) will return true for .isNotPublic for types are "by ref"
         #if t.isByRef # TODO: or t.isArray
         #   return _badJvmRelatedType(t.getElementType)
-
         return false
 
     def _jvmMemberTypeProxy(jvmType as JavaClassType?) as ITypeProxy
@@ -646 +653 @@
             notNull = member.isNonNullable
             t = JvmTypeProxy(jvmType) to ITypeProxy
             return if(notNull, t, NilableTypeProxy(t))
+            
+    # Can only do these after bindImplementation phase. Nested classes 
+    #_fix('java.util.Map<of,>.Entry<of,>', r'getKey getValue')
+    #_fix('java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<of,>', r'getKey getValue')
+    #_fix('java.util.AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<of,>', r'getKey getValue')
+        
+    def _fixNestedNilables
+        if .parentBox  # nested
+            print 'fixNest', .parentBox.name, .name
+                
 
-
 class Class
     is partial
 
-    def _scanNativeTypeJvm
-        base._scanNativeTypeJvm
-        print 'scanJvmNativeType ', .name
+    def scanNativeTypeJvm
+        base.scanNativeTypeJvm
+        #print 'scanJvmNativeType ', .name
         _scanJvmIsNames
         _scanJvmImplements
-        #_scanJvmNestedTypes
+        _scanJvmNestedTypes
         _scanJvmFields
         _scanJvmInitializers
         _scanJvmMethods
@@ -664 +680 @@
         ##_scanJvmEvents TODO 
         # TODO: _scanJvmEnums
         # TODO: scan all other nested types
+        _fixNestedNilables
         
+        
     
 class Interface
     is partial
 
-    def _scanNativeTypeJvm
-        base._scanNativeTypeJvm
+    def scanNativeTypeJvm
+        base.scanNativeTypeJvm
         _scanJvmIsNames
         _scanJvmImplements
-        #_scanJvmNestedTypes
+        _scanJvmNestedTypes
         _scanJvmFields
         _scanJvmMethods
         _scanJvmProperties
         #_scanJvmEvents #TODO
+        _fixNestedNilables
 
 
 class Struct
     is partial
 
-    def _scanNativeTypeJvm
-        base._scanNativeTypeJvm
+    def scanNativeTypeJvm
+        base.scanNativeTypeJvm
         _scanJvmIsNames
         _scanJvmImplements
-        #_scanJvmNestedTypes
+        _scanJvmNestedTypes
         _scanJvmFields
         _scanJvmInitializers
         _scanJvmMethods
@@ -698 +717 @@
 class Extension
     is partial
 
-    def _scanNativeTypeJvm
+    def scanNativeTypeJvm
         # this only for Cobra specific extensions. Example: class Extend_String_1939
-        base._scanNativeTypeJvm
+        base.scanNativeTypeJvm
         _scanJvmIsNames
         #_scanJvmImplements
         #_scanJvmNestedTypes
@@ -727 +746 @@
 class EnumDecl
     is partial
 
-    def _setUnderlyingTypeJvm
+    def setUnderlyingTypeJvm
         pass
 
-    def _scanNativeTypeJvm
+    def scanNativeTypeJvm
         # TODO: read attribs
         _needScanNativeType = false
         _storageType = .compiler.anyIntType # tmp ??

Source/BackEndJvm/JvmBackEnd.cobra

@@ -10 +10 @@
         base.init(compiler)
         _name = 'java-jvm'
         _rtlName = 'CobraLang.jar'
+        _rtlSrcFile = 'CobraImp.java' # backEnd source file containing native code support for Cobra.Lang
+
         
         _tagToTypeName = { 
-            'Object': 'java.lang.Object',
-            'Type'  : 'java.lang.Class<of>',    # java.lang.Type is a marker interface
-            'String'    :       'java.lang.String',
-            'Exception' :       'java.lang.RuntimeException',
+            'Object': 'Java.Lang.Object',
+            'Type'  : 'Java.Lang.Class<of>',    # java.lang.Type is a marker interface
+            'String'    :       'Java.Lang.String',
+            'Exception' :       'Java.Lang.RuntimeException',
 
             'Delegate'  :       'System.Delegate', #cobra.lang.Delegate
-            'Attribute' :       'java.lang.annotation.Annotation',
-            #'ICloneable':      'System.ICloneable', #cobra.lang.ICloneable
-            'IEnumerable':      'java.lang.Iterable',
-            'IEnumerator':      'java.lang.Iterator',
-            'IEnumerable<of>' : 'java.lang.Iterable<of>',
-            'IEnumerator<of>' : 'java.lang.Iterator<of>',
-            'IDictionaryEnumerator' : 'System.Collections.IDictionaryEnumerator',
-            'ICollection':      'java.util.Collection<of Object>',  # non generic collection interface
-            'ICollection<of>':  'java.util.Collection<of>',
-            'IList' :           'java.util.List<of Object>',    # non generic List interface
-            'IList<of>' :       'java.util.List<of>',
-            'List<of>':         'java.util.ArrayList<of>',
-            'IDictionary':      'java.util.Map<of Object,Object>', # Non Generic Map/Dict interface
-            'IDictionary<of,>': 'java.util.Map<of,>',
-            'Dictionary<of,>' : 'java.util.HashMap<of,>',
-            'Set<of>':          'java.lang.HashSet<of>',
+            'Attribute' :       'Java.Lang.Annotation.Annotation',
+            'ICloneable':       'Java.Lang.Cloneable', 
+            'IEnumerable':      'Java.Lang.Iterable',
+            'IEnumerator':      'Java.Lang.Iterator',
+            'IEnumerable<of>' : 'Java.Lang.Iterable<of>',
+            'IEnumerator<of>' : 'Java.Lang.Iterator<of>',
+            'IDictionaryEnumerator' : 'Java.Lang.Iterator',
+            #'IDictionaryEnumerator' : 'System.Collections.IDictionaryEnumerator',
+            'ICollection':      'Java.Util.Collection<of Object>',  # non generic collection interface
+            'ICollection<of>':  'Java.Util.Collection<of>',
+            'IList' :           'Java.Util.List<of Object>',    # non generic List interface
+            'IList<of>' :       'Java.Util.List<of>',
+            'List<of>':         'Java.Util.ArrayList<of>',
+            'IDictionary':      'Java.Util.Map<of Object,Object>', # Non Generic Map/Dict interface
+            'IDictionary<of,>': 'Java.Util.Map<of,>',
+            'Dictionary<of,>' : 'Java.Util.HashMap<of,>',
+            'Set<of>':          'Java.Lang.HashSet<of>',
 
-            'bool'  :  'java.lang.Boolean',  # boolean
-            'char'  :  'java.lang.Character',# char
-            'decimal': 'java.lang.Double',  # ??
-            'single': 'java.lang.Float',    # float 
-            'double': 'java.lang.Double',   # double    
-            'sbyte' : 'java.lang.Byte',     # byte
-            'int16' : 'java.lang.Short',    # short 
-            'int32' : 'java.lang.Integer',  # int       
-            'int64' : 'java.lang.Long',     # long
-            'byte'  : 'java.lang.Short',    # short   # rest are unsigned - use next widest
-            'uint16': 'java.lang.Integer',  # int   
-            'uint32': 'java.lang.Long',     # long
-            'uint64': 'java.lang.Long',     # long
+            'bool'  :  'Java.Lang.Boolean',  # boolean
+            'char'  :  'Java.Lang.Character',# char
+            'decimal': 'Java.Lang.Double',  # ??
+            'single':  'Java.Lang.Float',   # float 
+            'double':  'Java.Lang.Double',  # double    
+            'sbyte' :  'Java.Lang.Byte',        # byte
+            'int16' :  'Java.Lang.Short',   # short 
+            'int32' :  'Java.Lang.Integer', # int       
+            'int64' :  'Java.Lang.Long',        # long
+            'byte'  :  'Java.Lang.Short',   # short   # rest are unsigned - use next widest
+            'uint16':  'Java.Lang.Integer', # int   
+            'uint32':  'Java.Lang.Long',        # long
+            'uint64':  'Java.Lang.Long',        # long
             
             }
         
@@ -58 +61 @@
         phases.add(GenerateJavaCodePhase(.compiler))
         phases.add(CompileJavaCodePhase(.compiler))
         
+    def getRecommendedBuiltInType(parentNameSpace as NameSpace?, name as String) as String? is override
+        n = nil to String?
+        if parentNameSpace and parentNameSpace.fullName == 'Java.Lang'
+            branch name
+                on 'Boolean', n = 'bool'
+                #on 'SByte',   n = 'int8'
+                on 'Byte',    n = 'uint8'
+                on 'Short',   n = 'int16'
+                #on 'UInt16',  n = 'uint16'
+                on 'Integer',   n = 'int32'
+                #on 'UInt32',  n = 'uint32'
+                on 'Long',    n = 'int64'
+                on 'UInt64',  n = 'uint64'
+                on 'Character',    n = 'char'
+                on 'Float',  n = 'float32'
+                on 'Double',  n = 'float'
+                on 'BigDecimal', n = 'decimal'
+        return n
+
     def computeOutName as String is override
         return .compiler.computeOutNameJava 
         
@@ -87 +109 @@
     def setDefaultUseDirectives(ns as NameSpace) is override
         # java packages available by default
         useToken = Token('(implicit)', 1, 1, 1, 'USE', 'use', nil)
-        # java uses lowercase for package names - Should Cobra stay capitalised and we remap it ??
-        ns.addUseDirective(UseDirective(useToken, ['java', 'lang']))
+        # java uses lowercase for package names - Cobra stay capitalised and we remap it
+        ns.addUseDirective(UseDirective(useToken, ['Java', 'Lang']))
         #ns.addUseDirective(UseDirective(useToken, ['System', 'Collections', 'Generic'])) # generics built in
-        ns.addUseDirective(UseDirective(useToken, ['java', 'io']))
-        ns.addUseDirective(UseDirective(useToken, ['java', 'util']))
-        ns.addUseDirective(UseDirective(useToken, ['java', 'text']))
-        ns.addUseDirective(UseDirective(useToken, ['cobra', 'lang']))
+        ns.addUseDirective(UseDirective(useToken, ['Java', 'Io']))
+        ns.addUseDirective(UseDirective(useToken, ['Java', 'Util']))
+        ns.addUseDirective(UseDirective(useToken, ['Java', 'Text']))
+        ns.addUseDirective(UseDirective(useToken, ['Cobra', 'Lang']))
         
     def fixLibExtension(libRef as String) as String is override
         """
@@ -120 +142 @@
         return .compiler.jvmLoadReference(reference)   # in ScanJvmType
     
     def readSystemTypes is override
-        #pass   # TODO
         # Initially we will rely on a external java tool to have been run to produce a precis
         # file in a known place (same as cobra compiler perhaps) containing exported types for
         # items in a jar file.
         
-        # JarSig is a holder for jarfile extended with info on contained classes.
+        # JarSig is a holder for a jarfile or package extended with info on contained classes.
         # javaReadJar loads info on contained classes into Cobra
         # rt.jar is only one we need
         .compiler.javaReadJar(JarSig('rt.jar'))
     
     def fixNilableMemberSigs is override
-        #.compiler.javafixNilableMemberSigs
-        print '++ TODO jvmBackEnd.fixNilableMemberSigs'
+        #.compiler.jvmfixNilableMemberSigs
         pass # TODO
         
     def installNativeMethods(box as Box, nativeType as NativeType) is override
         #.compiler.installJvmNativeMethods(box, nativeType)
-        print '++ TODO jvmBackEnd.installNativeMethods'
         pass # TODO
 
     def cobraNameForNativeBoxName(nativeBoxName as String) as String is override
@@ -147 +166 @@
     get objectTypeProxy as AbstractTypeProxy  is override
         """Type proxy for BE root of Object hierarchy."""
         if  not _objectTypeProxy
-            _objectTypeProxy = JvmTypeProxy(JarSig.classByNameCache['java.lang.Object'])
+            _objectTypeProxy = JvmTypeProxy(JarSig.lookupClassByCobraName('Java.Lang.Object'))
         return _objectTypeProxy to !
             
     get typeTypeProxy  as AbstractTypeProxy  is override
         """Type proxy for BE notion of a class describing a Type."""
         if  not _typeTypeProxy
-            _typeTypeProxy = JvmTypeProxy(JarSig.classByNameCache['java.lang.Class'])
+            _typeTypeProxy = JvmTypeProxy(JarSig.lookupClassByCobraName('Java.Lang.Class'))
         return _typeTypeProxy to !  
         
     def nativeTypeProxy(type as NativeType) as NativeTypeProxy  is override
@@ -170 +189 @@
         /#
         These are the type tags used directly by the compiler code.
             
-            bool        'Java.lang.Boolean'
-            char        'java.lang.Char'
+            bool        'Java.Lang.Boolean'
+            char        'Java.Lang.Char'
             decimal     '??System.Decimal'  
-            decimal     'java.lang.Float'   
-            single      'java.lang.Float'       
-            double      'java.lang.Double'      
-            sbyte       'java.lang.Byte'        
-            int16       'java.lang.Short'       
-            int32       'java.lang.Int'     
-            int64       'java.lang.Long'    
+            decimal     'Java.Lang.Float'   
+            single      'Java.Lang.Float'       
+            double      'Java.Lang.Double'      
+            sbyte       'Java.Lang.Byte'        
+            int16       'Java.Lang.Short'       
+            int32       'Java.Lang.Integer'     
+            int64       'Java.Lang.Long'    
             # java not have unsigned types (:-( use next largest signed Type
-            byte        'java.lang.Short' #& 0x7f       
-            uint16      'java.lang.Int'     
-            uint32      'java.lang.Long'        
-            uint64      'java.lang.Long'        
+            byte        'Java.Lang.Short' #& 0x7f       
+            uint16      'Java.Lang.Integer'     
+            uint32      'Java.Lang.Long'        
+            uint64      'Java.Lang.Long'        
         #/
         
-    def addArrayInterfaces(interfaces as List<of ITypeProxy>) is override
-        pass
-        #iclone = .compiler.libraryType('ICloneable') # ICloneable not supported
-        #interfaces.insert(0, iclone to ITypeProxy)
+    def determineExtnNativeType(extn as Extension, nativeType as NativeType) as NativeType is override
+        return extn.jvmExtnNativeType(nativeType)   # ScanJvmType
+
+    def handleNameSpaceNameCollision(ns as NameSpace, token as IToken, name as String) as NameSpace is override
+        """
+        Java separates Namespaces and other symbols - Cobra architecture
+        (based on Clr) doesnt easily so currently we'll rename and warn that
+        use of the namespace needs to be changed in user code (:-).
+        """
+        #print 'In [ns.name] there is already a non-namespace declaration named "[name]".'
+        #print 'Cobra doesnt allow this - a declaration must be either a Namespace or a Type'
+        #print 'so the namespace "[name]" is renamed within Cobra to be "[name]NS".'
+        #print 'Any use of the namespace in cobra code must be changed accordingly.'
+
+        #print 'Cobra name collision in namespace "[ns.name]" for child namespace "[name]" and an existing declaration. Use name "[name]NS" for java namespace/package "[name]" .'
+        print 'In namespace "[ns.name]" java namespace "[name]" renamed in cobra to "[name]NS". (cobra name collision)'
+        name = name+'NS'
+        return ns.getOrMakeNameSpaceNamed(token, name) # recursive
         
+    def prepSystemObjectClass(box as Box) is override
+        box.prepSystemObjectClassJvm
         
+    def scanGenericArgs(box as Box)  is override
+        box.scanGenericArgsJvm
         
+    def scanNativeType(box as Box)   is override
+        """ Do scan/Load of Types from a dll """
+        box.scanNativeTypeJvm
+
+    def scanNativeType(edcl as EnumDecl)  is override
+        edcl.scanNativeTypeJvm
+        
+    def setUnderlyingType(edcl as EnumDecl)  is override
+        edcl.setUnderlyingTypeJvm
+        
 class GenerateJavaCodePhase inherits Phase
 
     cue init(c as Compiler)

Source/BackEndJvm/JavaCompilationMessage.cobra

@@ -11 +11 @@
         assert msg.lineNum == 30
 
     def willSkipMessage(msg as String) as bool is shared
-        #return not '.java:' in msg
-        return false 
+        return not '.java:' in msg
+        #return false 
         
     var _fileName as String?
     var _lineNum as int?
@@ -30 +30 @@
             i += '.java:'.length
             j = line.indexOf(':', i)
             lineStr = line[i:j]
-            try
-                _lineNum = int.parse(lineStr)
-            catch
-                pass
-            success 
-                _lineNum = compiler.cobraLineNumForCurly(.fileName, _lineNum to !)
-                if compiler.verbosity or Utils.isDevMachine, line += ' (javac)'
+            _storeLineNum(lineStr, compiler)
+            if compiler.verbosity or Utils.isDevMachine, line += ' (javac)'
         _message = _cleanUp(line)
 
+    def append(line as String, compiler as Compiler)
+        line = line.trim
+        _message += '\n >: ' + line
+        if System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.isMatch(line, r'// \d+\s*$')
+            lidx = line.lastIndexOf('//')
+            if lidx > 0
+                lidx += 3  # after '// '
+                lineStr = line[lidx:]
+                _storeLineNum(lineStr, compiler)
+
+    def _storeLineNum(lineStr as String, compiler as Compiler)
+        try
+            _lineNum = int.parse(lineStr)
+        catch
+            pass
+        success 
+            _lineNum = compiler.cobraLineNumForCurly(.fileName, _lineNum to !)
+                    
     def _cleanUp(line as String) as String
         line = line.replace("`double'", "`float'")
         line = line.replace("null", "nil")

Source/BackEndJvm/JavaGenerator.cobra

@@ -34 +34 @@
     def writeJava
         Node.setCompiler(this)
         try
-            pass
+            #pass
             _moduleFileName_to_curlyToCobraLineNum = Dictionary<of String, Dictionary<of int, int>>()
             for _curModule in _modules
                 if not _curModule.fileName.endsWith('SystemInterfaces.cobra')
@@ -175 +175 @@
         return output       
             
     def _parseJavaCompilerOutput(output as String)
+        jcm as JavaCompilationMessage? = nil
         for line in output.split(c'\n')
             line = line.trim
             if not line.length, continue
             if JavaCompilationMessage.willSkipMessage(line)
+                if jcm, jcm.append(line, this)
                 continue
             else
                 if _verbosity >= 3
                     print 'javac message: [line]'
-                _addMessage(JavaCompilationMessage(line, this))
+                jcm = JavaCompilationMessage(line, this)
+                _addMessage(jcm to !)
             
 
     def _getFixedMainType as String
@@ -501 +504 @@
 
 class UseDirective is partial
 
+# Dont use java imports as 
+# -- The semantics between Cobra `use` and java `import` are (probably) different.
+# -- Using Cobra.Lang library type names without qualification in the generated code could lead to confusing errors if the user happens to have a type with the same name.
+# instead names from 'used' packages/namespaces will be fully qualified in generated java source.
+
+#   def writeJavaDef(sw as CurlyWriter) is override
+#       sw.write('import [.boundNameSpace.javaRef].*;\n')
     pass
 
 
@@ -617 +627 @@
 class IntType is partial
 
     get javaName as String is override
+        # should name to primitives but not prob fm JvmJarSig._aliasPrimitives
+        # TODO fix primitives int, long,... vs classes java.lang.Integer, java.lang.Long 
         #return _nativeType.fullName
-        return 'int'    # java.lang.Integer
+        t =  _nativeType.fullName
+        branch t 
+            on 'java.lang.Byte',    primName = 'byte'
+            on 'java.lang.Short',   primName = 'short' 
+            on 'java.lang.Integer', primName = 'int'
+            on 'long',    primName = _nativeType.fullName
+            on 'java.lang.Long',    primName = 'long' 
+            else 
+                throw FallThroughException()
+        return primName
         # TODO byte = int8 , short = int16, int = Int32, long = int64
 
 class NilableType is partial
@@ -751 +772 @@
                 sb.append(param.javaRef)
                 sep = ', '
             sb.append('>')
-            xjava = sb.toString
+            javaRef = sb.toString
         else
-            xjava = .javaName
+            javaRef = .javaName
         if .parentNameSpace and not .parentNameSpace.isRoot
             #trace .parentNameSpace.javaQualifier
-            xjava = .parentNameSpace.javaQualifier + xjava
+            javaRef = .parentNameSpace.javaQualifier + javaRef
         else if .parentBox
             trace .parentBox.javaRef
-            xjava = .parentBox.javaRef + '.' + xjava
+            javaRef = .parentBox.javaRef + '.' + javaRef
         #trace java
-        return xjava
+        return javaRef
 
     def writeJavaDef(sw as CurlyWriter)
         base.writeJavaDef(sw)
@@ -1098 +1119 @@
 
 class LocalVar is partial
 
-    pass
+    def writeJavaDef(sw as CurlyWriter)
+        base.writeSharpDef(sw)
+        sw.write('[.type.javaRef] [.javaName]')
+        init = .type.javaInit
+        if init.length, sw.write(' = [init]')
+        sw.write(';\n')
 
 
+
 class ResultVar is partial
 
     get javaName as String is override
@@ -1222 +1249 @@
         base.writeJavaDef(sw)
         .writeJavaAttribs(sw)
         .writeJavaIsNames(sw)
-        sw.write('const ')
+        sw.write('static final ')       # const 
         sw.write(_type.javaRef)
         sw.write(' [_javaBackEndName] = ')
         _initExpr.writeJavaDef(sw)
@@ -1602 +1629 @@
                 sw.writeLine('}')
 
     get javaName as String is override
-        return .name #.capitalized
+        return .name #./capitalized
 
 # Java, for its sins, does not have support for properties built into the language...
 # efforts to correct this stupidity seem to be mired in language navel gazing plus associated 
@@ -1612 +1639 @@
 #   Its obviously too difficult to just copy C# (turnabout is fair play), accept and then evolve any edge misses 
 
 class ProperDexer is partial
+    # AbstractBaseClass for Property and Indexer
+    
+    def writeJavaBody(sw as CurlyWriter)
+        #sw.write(' {\n')
+        #sw.indent
+        if _getPart
+            #if .isAbstract or not .parentBox.canHaveStatements
+            #   sw.write('\tget;\n')
+            #else
+            #   _getPart.writeJavaDef(sw)
+            _getPart.writeJavaDef(sw)
+        if _setPart
+            #if .isAbstract or not .parentBox.canHaveStatements
+            #   sw.write('\tset;\n')
+            #else
+            #   _setPart.writeJavaDef(sw)
+            _setPart.writeJavaDef(sw)
+        #sw.dedent
+        #sw.write('}\n')
 
-    # TODO
-    pass
 
-
 class ProperDexerXetter is partial
+    # BaseClass for Indexer get/set, Property get/set
 
-    # TODO
-    pass
+    def innerWriteJavaDef(sw as CurlyWriter)
+        base.innerWriteJavaDef(sw)
+        sw.write(.xetPartName)
+        .writeJavaImp(sw, false)
 
 
 class Property is partial
 
-    # TODO
-    pass
+    get javaNotNullPrefix as String is override
+        return ''
 
+    def writeJavaDef(sw as CurlyWriter)
+        base.writeJavaDef(sw)
+        sw.writeLine('')
+        sw.write('//Property  [_returnType.javaRef] [.name]')
+        # .writeJavaImp(sw)
+        getPart = .getPart
+        if getPart
+            .writeJavaNotNull(sw)
+            .writeJavaAttribs(sw)
+            .writeJavaIsNames(sw)
+            sw.write('[_returnType.javaRef] get[.name.capitalized]')
+            sw.write(' {\n')
+            sw.indent
+            getPart.writeJavaDef(sw)
+            sw.dedent
+            sw.write('}\n')
+        setPart = .setPart
+        if setPart
+            .writeJavaNotNull(sw)
+            .writeJavaAttribs(sw)
+            .writeJavaIsNames(sw)
+            sw.write('set[.name.capitalized]([_returnType.javaRef] value)')
+            sw.write(' {\n')
+            sw.indent
+            setPart.writeJavaDef(sw)
+            sw.dedent
+            sw.write('}\n')
+            #.writeJavaBody(sw)
 
+        
+        if getPart
+            .compiler.codeMemberStack.push(getPart)
+            try
+                if getPart.requirePart
+                    getPart.requirePart.writeJavaMethod(sw)
+                if getPart.ensurePart
+                    getPart.ensurePart.writeJavaMethod(sw)
+            finally
+                .compiler.codeMemberStack.pop
+
+        if setPart
+            .compiler.codeMemberStack.push(setPart)
+            try
+                if setPart.requirePart
+                    setPart.requirePart.writeJavaMethod(sw)
+                if setPart.ensurePart
+                    setPart.ensurePart.writeJavaMethod(sw)
+            finally
+                .compiler.codeMemberStack.pop
+
+        if .compiler.includeTests
+            .writeJavaTest(sw)
+
+
 class Indexer is partial
 
     # TODO
@@ -1708 +1807 @@
             fileName = Utils.javaStringLiteralFor(fileName)
             return 'new cobra.lang.SourceSite([fileName], [tok.lineNum], [boxName], [memberName], [javaThis])'
 
+    def javaSourceSiteArgs as String
+        return .javaSourceSiteArgs(.compiler.curBox.name, .compiler.curBoxMember.name, .javaThis)
+    
+    def javaSourceSiteArgs(boxName as String, memberName as String, javaThis as String) as String
+        require
+            boxName.length
+            memberName.length
+            javaThis.length
+        body
+            boxName = Utils.javaStringLiteralFor(boxName)
+            memberName = Utils.javaStringLiteralFor(memberName)
+            tok = .token
+            fileName = tok.fileName
+            if not Path.isPathRooted(fileName)
+                fileName = Path.combine(Environment.currentDirectory, fileName)
+            fileName = Utils.javaStringLiteralFor(fileName)
+            return '[fileName], [tok.lineNum], [boxName], [memberName], [javaThis]'
+    
     get javaThis as String
         if _inInitCall  # C# won't allow 'this' in a base constructor call -- TODO
             return '"(uninitialized [.compiler.curBox.name] instance)"'
@@ -1838 +1955 @@
                 sw.write('else ')
                 _elsePart.writeJavaDef(sw)
         else
-            # for any other kind of expression, use a Java switch
+            # for any other kind of expression, use a Java switch.
+            # TODO trap if expression is string and use a if-else ladder ( if not java7)
             sw.write('switch(')
             _expr.writeJavaDef(sw)
             sw.write(') {\n')
@@ -2370 +2488 @@
 
     def writeJavaDef(sw as CurlyWriter, parens as bool) is override
         # recall that this cannot be the right side of "foo.bar" since that is a MemberExpr
-        xjava = .javaQualification + .javaName
-        if _requiresGetClass, xjava = xjava + '.getClass()'
-        #print 'Dbg: IdExpr::', java
-        sw.write(xjava)
+        javaRef = .javaQualification + .javaName
+        if _requiresGetClass, javaRef = javaRef + '.getClass()'
+        #print 'Dbg: IdExpr::', javaRef
+        sw.write(javaRef)
 
     get javaQualification as String
         qual = ''
@@ -2613 +2731 @@
     def writeJavaDefForBreakdown(sw as CurlyWriter) is override
         requiresTypeOf = _requiresTypeOf # using C# version currently - chop ?
         if not requiresTypeOf, sw.write('typeof(')
-        .writeSharpDef(sw)
+        .writeJavaDef(sw)
         if not requiresTypeOf, sw.write(')')
 
         
@@ -2763 +2881 @@
     def asJava as String is override
         return _name
 
+class ToNilableOrNotExpr
+    is partial
+
+    def writeJavaBreakdownItems(sw as CurlyWriter)
+        base.writeJavaBreakdownItems(sw)
+        _expr.writeJavaBreakdownItems(sw)
+
+
+class ToNilableExpr
+    is partial
+
+    def writeJavaDef(sw as CurlyWriter, parens as bool) is override
+        if _expr.type.isReference
+            # In C#/.NET, reference types are always "nilable"
+            _expr.writeJavaDef(sw)
+        else
+            # ex: ((int?)x)
+            # ex: ((Color?)Color.Black)
+            #sw.write('(([_expr.type.javaRef]?)')
+            sw.write('(([_expr.type.javaRef])')
+            _expr.writeJavaDef(sw, false)
+            sw.write(')')
+
+
+class ToNonNilableExpr
+    is partial
+
+
+    def writeJavaDef(sw as CurlyWriter, parens as bool) is override
+        type = _expr.type
+        if type inherits NilableType and not type.nonNil.isReference
+            # ex: (x).Value
+            # ex: (obj.foo).Value
+            sw.write('(')
+            _expr.writeJavaDef(sw, false)
+            #sw.write(').value')
+            sw.write(')')
+        else if .compiler.options.boolValue('include-nil-checks')
+            sw.write('(CobraLangInternal.CobraCore._willCheckNil ? CobraLangInternal.CobraImp.CheckNonNil<[type.javaRef]>([.javaThis], [Utils.javaStringLiteralFor(_expr.toCobraSource)], ')
+            _expr.writeJavaDef(sw, false)
+            sw.write(', [.javaSourceSiteArgs]):')
+            _expr.writeJavaDef(sw, false)
+            sw.write(')')
+        else
+            _expr.writeJavaDef(sw, parens)
+
+
         
             
 ##
@@ -3057 +3222 @@
         _left.writeJavaBreakdownItems(sw)
 
 
+class InheritsExpr
+    is partial
+                
+    def _writeJavaDef(sw as CurlyWriter) is override
+        _left.writeJavaDef(sw)
+        sw.write(' instanceof ')
+        _right.writeSharpDef(sw, false)
 
+
+class ToExpr is partial
+
+/#  def needsContextCast as bool is override
+        if .type.isDynamic, return base.needsContextCast
+        else, return false  # the user is already casting, so go with their cast
+#/
+    def _writeJavaDef(sw as CurlyWriter) is override
+        rightType = _rightTypeExpr.potentialType to !   # its not nil or _bindImp would have thrown an error
+        if rightType is .compiler.passThroughType
+            _left.writeJavaDef(sw)
+            return
+        sw.write('(')
+        _right.writeJavaDef(sw, false)  # double parens would be pointless and also causes a C# error
+        sw.write(')')
+        if not rightType inherits NilableType and rightType.isReference and .compiler.options.boolValue('include-nil-checks')
+            sw.write('CobraLangInternal.CobraImp.CheckNonNil<[_left.type.javaRef]>([.javaThis], [Utils.javaStringLiteralFor(_left.toCobraSource)], ')
+            _left.writeJavaDef(sw, false)
+            sw.write(', [.javaSourceSiteArgs])')
+        else
+            _left.writeJavaDef(sw)
+
+
+class ToQExpr
+    is partial
+
+    def _writeJavaDef(sw as CurlyWriter) is override
+        # x to? int     --> ((x is int || x is int?) ? (int?)x : (int?)null)
+        # x to? int?    --> ((x is int || x is int?) ? (int?)x : (int?)null)
+        # ^ but this would cause multiple evaluation of x, so...
+        # x to? int?    --> (int?)CobraLangInternal.CobraImp.ToOrNil(x)
+
+        # x to? string  --> (x as String)
+        # x to? string? --> (x as String)
+        right = .right
+        t = right.definition to IType
+        t = t.nonNil
+        typeJavaRef = t.javaRef
+        #if t.isReference
+        #   sw.write('(')
+        #   .left.writeJavaDef(sw)
+        #   sw.write(') as [typeJavaRef]')
+        #else
+        #   sw.write('[typeJavaRef])CobraLangInternal.CobraImp.ToOrNil<[typeJavaRef]>(')
+        #   .left.writeJavaDef(sw)
+        sw.write('[typeJavaRef])CobraLangInternal.CobraImp.ToOrNil<[typeJavaRef]>(')
+        .left.writeJavaDef(sw)
+        sw.write(')')
+
+
+
 class CoalesceExpr
     is partial
 
@@ -3097 +3320 @@
         if name is nil
             name = _name
         #print 'Dbg: MemberExpr::', name
-        sw.write(name)
-        if _definition and (_definition.isMethod or _name=='toString') and not _isReference  # TODO: axe the 'toString' check
+        if _definition inherits Property
+            xet='get'
+            if _isLValue, xet = 'set'
+            sw.write(xet+name)
             sw.write('()')
+        else
+            sw.write(name)
+            if _definition and (_definition.isMethod or _name=='toString') and not _isReference  # TODO: axe the 'toString' check
+                sw.write('()')
 
+    def _isLValue as bool
+        if not (.superNode and .superNode inherits BinaryOpExpr)
+            return false
+        bsn0 = this to INode
+        bsn  = .binarySuperNode
+        while true
+            if bsn inherits AssignExpr and bsn0 is bsn.left
+                return true
+            if not (bsn.superNode and bsn.superNode inherits BinaryOpExpr)
+                return false
+            bsn0 = bsn
+            bsn = bsn.binarySuperNode
+            
     def writeJavaBreakdownItems(sw as CurlyWriter) is override
         pass
 

Source/TestifyRunner.cobra

@@ -469 +469 @@
                 continue
 
             if firstLineInsensitive.startsWith('#.require.')
+                rtPlatform  = CobraCore.runtimePlatform
                 what = firstLineInsensitive[10:]
                 branch what
                     on 'mono'
-                        if not CobraCore.isRunningOnMono
+                        if  rtPlatform <> 'clr' or not CobraCore.isRunningOnMono
                             print 'Skipping test because requirement for "mono" is not met.'
                             return 0
                     on 'dotnet'
-                        if CobraCore.isRunningOnMono
+                        if  rtPlatform <> 'clr' or CobraCore.isRunningOnMono
                             print 'Skipping test because requirement for "dotnet" is not met.'
                             return 0
+                    on 'clr' # mono or dotNet
+                        if  rtPlatform <> 'clr' 
+                            print 'Skipping test because requirement for "clr" is not met.'
+                            return 0
+                    on 'jvm'
+                        if  rtPlatform <> 'jvm'
+                            print 'Skipping test because requirement for "jvm" is not met.'
+                            return 0
                     else
                         if what.endsWith('.dll')
                             try

Source/Enums.cobra

@@ -26 +26 @@
         _idToken = Token.empty
         _attribs = AttributeList()
         _nativeType = nativeType
+        assert .compiler
+        .compiler.backEnd.setUnderlyingType(this) # sets _storageTypeNode
         #_storageTypeNode = ClrTypeProxy(Enum.getUnderlyingType((_nativeType to ClrNativeType).backEndType))  # TODO: fix native
-        _callNativeScanMethod('UnderlyingType')
         _needScanNativeType = true
         
-    def _callNativeScanMethod(tag as String)
-        """
-        Call a backend scan method for native type scan operation desired and backend in use.
-        """
-        _needScanNativeType = true
-        # This is icky too - method to call needs to be set directly via backend somehow rather than this check and call code   
-        # TODO: change to use strategy object set when init backend.
+    def _scanNativeType
         assert .compiler
-        assert tag in ['ScanNativeType', 'UnderlyingType']
-        backEnd = .compiler.backEnd
-        branch backEnd.name
-            on 'c#-clr'
-                branch tag
-                    on 'UnderlyingType',  _setUnderlyingTypeClr # sets _storageTypeNode
-                    on 'ScanNativeType',  _scanNativeTypeClr
-            on 'java-jvm'
-                branch tag
-                    on 'UnderlyingType',  _setUnderlyingTypeJvm # sets _storageTypeNode
-                    on 'ScanNativeType',  _scanNativeTypeJvm
-            on 'objc'
-                print 'objc back end need method for [tag]'
-                assert false, 'Missing backEnd infrastructure for [backEnd.getType.name]'
-                #branch on tag
-                #   on 'UnderlyingType',  _setUnderlyingTypeObjc
-                #   on 'ScanNativeType',  _scancNativeTypeObjc
-            else 
-                throw FallThroughException('No nativeScanMethod code for backend [backEnd.name] [backEnd.getType.name]')
-        #TODO: remove all direct uses of ClrNativeType, ClrTypeProxy
-        
+        .compiler.backEnd.scanNativeType(this)
+
     get attributes as AttributeList is override
         return _attribs
 
@@ -96 +72 @@
             return base.isUsed
         set
             base.isUsed = value
-            if _needScanNativeType, _callNativeScanMethod('ScanNativeType')
+            if _needScanNativeType, _scanNativeType
 
     get nativeType from var
     
@@ -113 +89 @@
             _storageType = _storageTypeNode.realType
             if not _storageType.isDescendantOf(.compiler.anyIntType)
                 .throwError('The enumeration storage type must be a primitive integer type such as int8, uint8, int16, uint16, int, uint, int64 or uint64.')
-        if _needScanNativeType, _callNativeScanMethod('ScanNativeType')
+                if _needScanNativeType, _scanNativeType 
 
     def _bindImp is override
         base._bindImp
@@ -127 +103 @@
         return name
 
     def memberForName(name as String) as IMember?
-        if _needScanNativeType, _callNativeScanMethod('ScanNativeType')
+        if _needScanNativeType, _scanNativeType 
         m = base.memberForName(name)
         if m is nil
             objClass = .compiler.objectType

Tests/720-libraries/400-other/216-use-lib-with-no-ref-extension-error.cobra

@@ -1 +1 @@
 
-use Foo.Bar.dll # .error. Do not end a namespace name in a "use" directive with ".dll".
+use Foo.Bar.dll # .error. Do not end a namespace name in a "use" directive with an extension (like ".dll" or ".jar").
 
 class X
 

Tests/200-misc/280-custom-string-maker.cobra

@@ -48 +48 @@
             sw = StringWriter()
             CobraCore.tracer.destination = sw
             trace s
-            assert sw.toString.startsWith(CobraCore.tracer.prefix + 's=-- special --; at')
+            assert sw.toString.startsWith(CobraCore.tracer.prefix + 's=-- special --[CobraCore.tracer.separator]at')
         finally
             CobraCore.techStringMaker = save
 

Tests/100-basics/030-hello-world.cobra

@@ +1 @@
+# .require. clr
 namespace Test
     class Test
         def main

Tests/100-basics/033-get-property-instance.cobra

@@ +1 @@
+#.require. clr 
 namespace Test
     class Test
         def main

Tests/100-basics/030j-hello-world1.cobra

@@ +1 @@
+# .require. jvm
+namespace Test
+    class Test
+        def main is shared
+            Java.Lang.System.out.println('Hello, world.(Java.Lang.System)')
+            #print 'Hello, world. (print)'
+            

Tests/100-basics/032-get-property-static.cobra

@@ +1 @@
+# .require. clr
 namespace Test
     class Test
         def main

Tests/100-basics/032j-get-property-static.cobra

@@ +1 @@
+#.require. jvm
+namespace Test
+    class Test
+        def main
+            is shared
+            #nl as String = Environment.newLine
+            nl as String? = System.getProperty('line.separator')
+            nl1 as String? = String.format('%n')
+            assert nl == nl1
+            pathSep as String? = File.pathSeparator
+            sep as String? = Java.Io.File.separator
+            print 'pathSep', pathSep
+            print 'DirSep', sep
+            
+            CobraCore.noOp(nl, nl1, pathSep)
+
+            rt = Runtime.runtime # Runtime.getRuntime
+            s = rt.totalMemory to !
+            print s, 'bytes'
+            #print s/1024/1024, 'MB'
+            print rt

Tests/100-basics/033j-get-property-instance.cobra

@@ +1 @@
+# .require. jvm 
+namespace Test
+    class Test
+        def main
+            is shared
+            p = System.getProperties
+            #p = System.properties # above as a prop - codegen NYI
+
+            #nl as String = p['line.separator'] # indexer NYI p.getProperty('')
+            nl as String? = p.getProperty('line.separator')
+            print '_', nl, '_'
+            CobraCore.noOp(nl)

Tests/100-basics/600-backend-names.cobra

@@ +1 @@
+#.require. clr
+# chk for leakage from backends.
+# Collision or bad typing for variables named using BackEnd (system) namespaces
+class BE
+    def main
+        java = 'java in a string'  # not confused with 'java.lang....' namespace
+        #print java
+        #print java.typeOf
+        assert java.typeOf == System.String
+        
+        # objc is already a reserved keyword
+        #objc = 'objcStr'
+        #print objc
+        #print objc.typeOf
+        #assert objc.typeOf == 'System.String'
+        
+        objectC = 91
+        #print objectC
+        #print objectC.typeOf
+        assert objectC.typeOf == System.Int32
+    
+        .objc1
+        
+    def objc1
+        objectc = false
+        #print objectc
+        #print objectc.typeOf
+        assert objectc.typeOf == System.Boolean

Tests/100-basics/030j-hello-world.cobra

@@ +1 @@
+# .require. jvm
+namespace Test
+    class Test
+        def main is shared
+            System.out.println('Hello, world.( System only)')
+            #print 'Hello, world. (print)'
+            

Tests/100-basics/034-set-property.cobra

@@ +1 @@
+# .require. clr
 namespace Test
     class Test
         def main